Wamkpah Nneoma S, Cristel Robert T, O'Connor Zachary, Hanick Andrea, Nguyen Dennis, Chi John J
From the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Mo.
Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo.
Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2024 Sep 9;12(9):e6149. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000006149. eCollection 2024 Sep.
A major challenge in learning rhinoplasty is correlating patients' external and internal nasal structures. We aim to explore the application of three dimensional (3D)-printed models of nasal bony-cartilaginous structures in identifying accurate nasal anatomy.
Otolaryngology-head and neck surgery and plastic and reconstructive surgery residents matched patient photograph models, described relative nasal bony-cartilaginous anatomy, completed pre- and postactivity self-evaluations (based on otolaryngology "nasal deformity" milestones including "anatomy," "function," "aesthetic," and "etiology"), and rated the 3D-printed models' usefulness. Descriptive statistics were measured.
Thirty-seven residents correctly matched four of six model-photograph pairs and correctly described 15 of 30 anatomic relationships, on average. There was a moderate, statistically significant correlation between postgraduate year and number of correctly matched model-photograph pairs (Spearman rho = 0.58, 95% CI 0.24-0.79) and total items correct (Spearman rho = 0.61, 95% CI 0.28-0.81). Self-ratings on milestones decreased postexercise in all subcategories except "function." From 0 (low) to 100 (high), learners found the exercise useful (median 85 of 100) with a high recommendation for future use (median 87 of 100).
Three-dimensional printed models are a valuable tool for understanding nasal anatomy. Continued standardization of designs and assessments of their educational utility will enhance their broader dissemination and implementation.
鼻整形学习中的一个主要挑战是将患者的鼻外部和内部结构关联起来。我们旨在探索鼻骨软骨结构的三维（3D）打印模型在识别准确鼻解剖结构方面的应用。
耳鼻咽喉头颈外科和整形与重建外科住院医师将患者照片模型进行匹配，描述鼻骨软骨相对解剖结构，完成活动前后的自我评估（基于耳鼻咽喉科“鼻畸形”的里程碑，包括“解剖”“功能”“美学”和“病因”），并对3D打印模型的有用性进行评分。进行描述性统计。
37名住院医师平均正确匹配了六对模型-照片中的四对，并正确描述了30种解剖关系中的15种。研究生年级与正确匹配的模型-照片对数（Spearman秩相关系数=0.58，95%可信区间0.24 - 0.79）以及正确回答的总项目数（Spearman秩相关系数=0.61，95%可信区间0.28 - 0.81）之间存在中度、具有统计学意义的相关性。除“功能”外，所有子类别中运动后的自我评分里程碑均有所下降。从0（低）到100（高），学习者认为该练习有用（中位数为100分中的85分），并对未来使用给予高度推荐（中位数为100分中的87分）。
三维打印模型是理解鼻解剖结构的宝贵工具。持续对其设计和教育效用评估进行标准化将促进其更广泛的传播和应用。
