Merz E-M, Zijlstra B J H, de Kort W L A M
Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Vox Sang. 2016 Apr;110(3):258-65. doi: 10.1111/vox.12362. Epub 2015 Nov 3.
During the past decades, blood transfusions have become an ever safer clinical procedure in developed countries. Extensive donor screening together with improved infectious disease testing has led to a minimization of risks for transfusion recipients. Still, the general public perceives the process of blood transfusion as risky.
This study tested variation in perceived transfusion safety across countries and explained it with individual and country factors. We examined whether individual demographic and macro-level factors (i.e. Human Development Index and Power Distance Index) explain variation within and across European countries. We applied multilevel models to 2009 Eurobarometer data collected in 26 countries (N = 20 874).
Results were largely in line with expectations derived from risk perception and power and status difference theories. Generally, women, older adults, the lower educated and those earning lower incomes perceived heightened risk. Most of the variation across Europe was explained by the Human Development Index. Risk perception regarding blood transfusions was lower in countries with higher Human Development Indices, that is countries with higher average education, life expectancy and Gross Domestic Product.
This study provides new insights of how risk perception regarding blood transfusions is shaped within and across Europe. Both individual demographic factors and country characteristics play a role.
在过去几十年间，在发达国家输血已成为一种日益安全的临床操作。广泛的献血者筛查以及改进的传染病检测使得输血接受者的风险降至最低。然而，公众仍认为输血过程存在风险。
本研究检测了各国对输血安全性认知的差异，并通过个体因素和国家因素对其进行解释。我们考察了个体人口统计学因素和宏观层面因素（即人类发展指数和权力距离指数）是否能解释欧洲国家内部及国家之间的差异。我们将多层次模型应用于2009年在26个国家收集的欧洲晴雨表数据（N = 20874）。
结果大体上符合从风险认知以及权力和地位差异理论得出的预期。一般来说，女性、老年人、受教育程度较低者以及收入较低者感知到的风险更高。欧洲各国之间的大部分差异可由人类发展指数来解释。在人类发展指数较高的国家，即平均教育水平、预期寿命和国内生产总值较高的国家，对输血的风险认知较低。
本研究为欧洲内部及各国之间输血风险认知的形成方式提供了新见解。个体人口统计学因素和国家特征均发挥了作用。
