Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 3800 Melbourne, Australia.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 3800 Melbourne, Australia
J Cell Sci. 2017 Sep 15;130(18):2953-2960. doi: 10.1242/jcs.199562. Epub 2017 Aug 25.
A key event in the evolution of eukaryotic cells was the engulfment of an aerobic bacterium by a larger anaerobic archaebacterium, leading to a close relationship between the host and the newly formed endosymbiont. Mitochondria, originating from this event, have evolved to be the main place of cellular ATP production. Maintaining elements of their independence, mitochondria undergo growth and division in the cell, thereby ensuring that new daughter cells inherit a mitochondrial complement. Mitochondrial division is also important for other processes, including quality control, mitochondrial (mt)DNA inheritance, transport and cell death. However, unlike bacterial fission, which uses a dynamin-related protein to constrict the membrane at its inner face, mitochondria use dynamin and dynamin-related proteins to constrict the outer membrane from the cytosolic face. In this Review, we summarize the role of proteins from the dynamin superfamily in mitochondrial division. This includes recent findings highlighting that dynamin-2 (Dnm2) is involved in mitochondrial scission, which led to the reappraisal of the role of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1; also known as Dnm1l) and its outer membrane adaptors as components of the mitochondrial constriction machinery along with ER components and actin.
真核细胞进化过程中的一个关键事件是有氧细菌被更大的厌氧古细菌吞噬，导致宿主和新形成的内共生体之间的密切关系。线粒体起源于这一事件，现已进化为细胞 ATP 产生的主要场所。线粒体保持着一定的独立性，它们在细胞中进行生长和分裂，从而确保新的子细胞继承一个完整的线粒体。线粒体的分裂对于其他过程也很重要，包括质量控制、线粒体（mt）DNA 的遗传、运输和细胞死亡。然而，与细菌的二分法不同，后者使用与 dynamin 相关的蛋白在其内膜上收缩膜，线粒体使用 dynamin 和 dynamin 相关蛋白从细胞质面收缩外膜。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 dynamin 超级家族蛋白在线粒体分裂中的作用。这包括最近的发现，强调 dynamin-2（Dnm2）参与线粒体的分裂，这重新评估了 dynamin 相关蛋白 1（Drp1；也称为 Dnm1l）及其外膜接头作为线粒体收缩机制的组成部分，以及 ER 成分和肌动蛋白。
