Department of Parasitology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Straße 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
Centre for Integrative Microbial Evolution (CIME) and Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 3, 0371 Oslo, Norway.
Int J Med Microbiol. 2018 Jan;308(1):32-40. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2017.08.001. Epub 2017 Aug 7.
The bacterial genus Francisella comprises highly pathogenic species that infect mammals, arthropods, fish and protists. Understanding virulence and host defense mechanisms of Francisella infection relies on multiple animal and cellular model systems. In this review, we want to summarize the most commonly used Francisella host model platforms and highlight novel, alternative model systems using aquatic Francisella species. Established mouse and macrophage models contributed extensively to our understanding of Francisella infection. However, murine and human cells display significant differences in their response to Francisella infection. The zebrafish and the amoeba Dictyostelium are well-established model systems for host-pathogen interactions and open up opportunities to investigate bacterial virulence and host defense. Comparisons between model systems using human and fish pathogenic Francisella species revealed shared virulence strategies and pathology between them. Hence, zebrafish and Dictyostelium might complement current model systems to find new vaccine candidates and contribute to our understanding of Francisella infection.
弗朗西斯菌属包括高度致病性的物种，可感染哺乳动物、节肢动物、鱼类和原生动物。了解弗朗西斯菌感染的毒力和宿主防御机制依赖于多种动物和细胞模型系统。在这篇综述中，我们总结了最常用的弗朗西斯菌宿主模型平台，并强调了使用水生弗朗西斯菌物种的新型替代模型系统。已建立的小鼠和巨噬细胞模型极大地促进了我们对弗朗西斯菌感染的理解。然而，鼠类和人类细胞在对弗朗西斯菌感染的反应上存在显著差异。斑马鱼和变形虫 Dictyostelium 是宿主-病原体相互作用的成熟模型系统，为研究细菌毒力和宿主防御提供了机会。使用人类和鱼类致病性弗朗西斯菌物种的模型系统之间的比较揭示了它们之间存在共享的毒力策略和病理学。因此，斑马鱼和变形虫可能会补充当前的模型系统，以找到新的疫苗候选物，并有助于我们理解弗朗西斯菌感染。
