Browning Christopher R, Calder Catherine A, Ford Jodi L, Boettner Bethany, Smith Anna L, Haynie Dana
The Ohio State University.
Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Sci. 2017 Jan;669(1):41-62. doi: 10.1177/0002716216678167. Epub 2016 Dec 20.
Emerging evidence indicates that exposure to violent areas may influence youth wellbeing. We employ smartphone GPS data on youth activity spaces to examine the extent of, and potential explanations for, racial disparities in these exposures. Multilevel models of data from the study indicate that exposures to violent areas vary significantly across days of the week and between youth who reside in the same neighborhood. African American youth are exposed to areas with substantially higher levels of violence. Residing in a disadvantaged neighborhood is significantly associated with exposure to violent areas and explains a non-trivial proportion of the racial difference in this outcome. However, neighborhood factors are incomplete explanations of the racial disparity. Characteristics of the activity locations at which youth spend time explain the residual racial disparity in exposure to violent areas. These findings highlight the importance of youth activity spaces, above and beyond their neighborhood environments.
新出现的证据表明，暴露于暴力地区可能会影响青少年的幸福感。我们利用智能手机上有关青少年活动空间的GPS数据，来研究这些暴露情况中的种族差异程度及其潜在原因。该研究数据的多层次模型表明，一周内不同日子以及居住在同一社区的青少年之间，暴露于暴力地区的情况存在显著差异。非裔美国青少年暴露于暴力程度高得多的地区。居住在弱势社区与暴露于暴力地区显著相关，并且在这一结果的种族差异中占了相当比例。然而，社区因素并不能完全解释种族差异。青少年花费时间的活动地点特征解释了暴露于暴力地区方面剩余的种族差异。这些发现凸显了青少年活动空间的重要性，其重要性超越了他们的社区环境。
