Jang Seon-Kyeong, Park Seon-Cheol, Choi Kee-Hong, Yi Jung-Seo, Park Joong-Kyu, Lee Jung Suk, Lee Seung-Hwan
Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
Department of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine and Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.
Psychiatry Investig. 2017 Jul;14(4):413-419. doi: 10.4306/pi.2017.14.4.413. Epub 2017 Jul 11.
Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) has recently been developed to improve measurement of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. We performed a multi-center study to validate the Korean version of the CAINS (CAINS-K) and explore potential cultural variation.
One hundred eighty schizophrenia patients diverse in demographic and illness profile were recruited from four centers in Korea. Along with the CAINS-K, the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), a self-report measure of behavioral inhibition and activation (BIS/BAS) and neurocognitive tasks were administered to verify external validities.
The CAINS-K showed high internal-consistency (0.92) and inter-rater reliability (0.77). Exploratory Factor Analysis replicated a two-factor structure of the original scale including motivation/pleasure and expression deficits dimensions. Korean patients tended to report lower pleasure compared to American patients in the prior study. The CAINS-K showed an adequate convergent validity with the SANS, negative symptoms of the BPRS, and BAS. A divergent validity was supported as the CAINS-K showed zero or only weak correlations with other symptoms of the BPRS, depression from the CDSS, and neurocognitive tasks.
The CAINS-K demonstrated high internal consistency and adequate external validities, and is expected to promote studies on negative symptoms in Korean patients with schizophrenia.
最近开发了阴性症状临床评估访谈量表（CAINS），以改进精神分裂症阴性症状的测量。我们进行了一项多中心研究，以验证CAINS的韩语版本（CAINS-K）并探索潜在的文化差异。
从韩国的四个中心招募了180名在人口统计学和疾病特征方面存在差异的精神分裂症患者。除了CAINS-K之外，还使用了阴性症状评估量表（SANS）、简明精神病评定量表（BPRS）、精神分裂症卡尔加里抑郁量表（CDSS）、行为抑制和激活的自我报告测量工具（BIS/BAS）以及神经认知任务来验证外部效度。
CAINS-K显示出较高的内部一致性（0.92）和评分者间信度（0.77）。探索性因素分析重现了原始量表的两因素结构，包括动机/愉悦感和表达缺陷维度。与先前研究中的美国患者相比，韩国患者往往报告较低的愉悦感。CAINS-K与SANS、BPRS的阴性症状以及BAS显示出足够的收敛效度。CAINS-K与BPRS的其他症状、CDSS中的抑郁以及神经认知任务显示出零或仅微弱的相关性，支持了其区分效度。
CAINS-K表现出较高的内部一致性和足够的外部效度，有望促进对韩国精神分裂症患者阴性症状的研究。
