Koester Heidi Horstmann, Arthanat Sajay
a Koester Performance Research , Ann Arbor , MI , USA.
b Department of Occupational Therapy , University of New Hampshire , Durham , NH , USA.
Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2018 Apr;13(3):312-322. doi: 10.1080/17483107.2017.1369588. Epub 2017 Aug 28.
This study systematically reviewed the research on computer text entry by people with physical disabilities, and conducted a quantitative synthesis of text entry rates associated with individuals' diagnosis, body site used with the interface and their level of experience.
We searched 10 databases and included studies in which: typing speed was reported; the access interface was available for public use; and individuals with physical impairments were in the study population. For quantitative synthesis, we used only the text entry rates (TER) reported for individuals with physical impairments; studies also had to report the sample size, and the average and standard deviation for the text entry rates.
Thirty-nine studies involving 248 subjects met the criteria for quantitative synthesis. Cerebral palsy was associated with significantly slower TER, at 5.5 wpm, than muscular dystrophy (12.5 wpm), spina bifida (10.4 wpm), SCI high cervical (10.1 wpm) and SCI low cervical (13.3 wpm). Among the 19 body sites represented, the Fingers bilateral category had the highest average, at 17.72 wpm. Head (2.92 wpm) and Hand (non-typing) (3.95 wpm) were each associated with significantly slower TER than Hands unspecified, Fingers bilateral, Hand with control enhancer, Voice and Mouth. The three levels of experience examined, LowPlus, Medium and High, provided very similar TER.
This study contributes external evidence for service providers who provide computer access interventions for individuals with disabilities. The analyzed text entry performances serve as benchmarks to be used as guidelines during interface selection and training. Implications for Rehabilitation The median text entry rate (TER) across the literature for individuals with physical disabilities is 7.0 wpm. TER is affected by a user's diagnosis and the body site used for typing. These TER data can serve as diagnostic norms and benchmarks to be used as guidelines during interface selection and training. We recommend that practitioners measure text entry rate with clients, to place their performance in the context of these results and provide a baseline against which to measure effectiveness of an intervention.
本研究系统回顾了有关身体残疾者进行计算机文本输入的研究，并对与个体诊断、与界面交互所使用的身体部位及其经验水平相关的文本输入速率进行了定量综合分析。
我们检索了10个数据库，纳入了符合以下条件的研究：报告了打字速度；接入界面可供公众使用；研究人群包括身体有损伤的个体。对于定量综合分析，我们仅使用了报告的身体有损伤个体的文本输入速率（TER）；研究还必须报告样本量以及文本输入速率的平均值和标准差。
39项涉及248名受试者的研究符合定量综合分析的标准。脑瘫患者的TER显著低于肌肉萎缩症患者（5.5字/分钟对12.5字/分钟）、脊柱裂患者（10.4字/分钟）、高位颈髓损伤患者（10.1字/分钟）和低位颈髓损伤患者（13.3字/分钟）。在所代表的19个身体部位中，双侧手指类别平均速率最高，为17.72字/分钟。头部（2.92字/分钟）和手部（非打字）（3.95字/分钟）的TER均显著低于未指定手部、双侧手指、带有控制增强器的手部、语音和口部。所考察的低经验加、中等和高经验三个经验水平的TER非常相似。
本研究为为残疾个体提供计算机接入干预措施的服务提供者提供了外部证据。所分析的文本输入表现可作为界面选择和培训期间的基准指南。康复意义身体残疾个体的文献中，文本输入速率（TER）的中位数为7.0字/分钟。TER受用户诊断和打字所使用的身体部位影响。这些TER数据可作为诊断规范和基准，在界面选择和培训期间用作指南。我们建议从业者与客户一起测量文本输入速率，以便将他们的表现置于这些结果的背景下，并提供一个衡量干预效果基准。
