Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland.
Department of Chemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-637 Poznan, Poland.
Toxins (Basel). 2017 Aug 28;9(9):264. doi: 10.3390/toxins9090264.
Plant-derived compounds for reducing the mycotoxin load in food and feed have become a rapidly developing research field of importance for plant breeding efforts and in the search for natural fungicides. In this study, toxigenic strains of and sensu stricto were exposed to sinapic acid on solid YES media at levels close to those reported in wheat bran. Fusaria produced phenolic acids, whose accumulation was decreased by exogenous sinapic acid. Strains exposed to the lowest doses of sinapic acid showed more efficient reduction of phenolic acid production than fungi kept at higher concentrations of this compound. Fungi reduced exogenous sinapic acid, leading to the formation of syringic aldehyde. Treatment with sinapic acid led to a dramatic accumulation of its parent compound ferulic acid, presumably due to inhibition of the further conversion of this phenolic compound. Exogenous sinapic acid decreased the production of trichothecenes by fungi. Higher doses of sinapic acid resulted in more efficient reduction of mycotoxin accumulation in the media. Gene expression studies of genes responsible for trichothecene biosynthesis (, and ) proved that the inhibition of mycotoxin production by sinapic acid occurred at the transcriptional level. Fusaria respond to sinapic acid by stimulation of ergosterol biosynthesis.
植物源化合物可降低食品和饲料中的霉菌毒素含量，这已成为植物育种工作和寻找天然杀菌剂的一个快速发展的重要研究领域。在这项研究中，在接近麦麸中报道的水平下，将产毒菌株 和 严格意义上的菌株暴露于固体 YES 培养基中的芥子酸上。镰刀菌产生了酚酸，其积累量因外源芥子酸的存在而减少。与保持在该化合物较高浓度下的真菌相比，暴露于芥子酸最低剂量下的真菌表现出更高的酚酸产量减少效率。真菌还原了外源芥子酸，导致丁香醛的形成。芥子酸的处理导致其母体化合物阿魏酸的大量积累，这可能是由于抑制了这种酚类化合物的进一步转化。外源芥子酸降低了真菌产生的单端孢霉烯族毒素。芥子酸的较高剂量导致培养基中霉菌毒素积累的减少效率更高。负责单端孢霉烯族毒素生物合成的基因（、和）的基因表达研究证明，芥子酸对霉菌毒素产生的抑制作用发生在转录水平。镰刀菌通过刺激麦角固醇生物合成对芥子酸做出反应。
