Methanolic Extracts from Cultivated Mushrooms Affect the Production of Fumonisins B and Fusaric Acid by .

The maize pathogen and their mycotoxins cause damage to plants, animals, and human health. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of crude extracts (CEs) from , , and fruiting bodies on in vitro production of biomass and mycotoxins by two strains of . Stipes and pilei were separated before extraction for and . Comparative metabolomics and dereplication of phenolic compounds were used to analyze all CEs. Mushroom CEs did not significantly inhibit the production of mycelial biomass at concentrations of 2 mg mL⁻. CEs from (stipes and pilei) and pilei inhibited the production of fumonisins B1 + B2 + B3 by 54% to 80%, whereas CE from had no effect. In contrast, CE from stipes dramatically increased the concentration of fumonisins in culture media. Fusaric acid concentration was decreased in cultures by all CEs except stipes. Differences in phenolic composition of the extracts may explain the different effects of the CE treatments on the production of mycotoxins. The opposing activities of stipes and pilei from offer an opportunity to search for active compounds to control the mycotoxin production by .