a Institute of Sensors, Signals and Systems, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences , Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh , UK.
b The Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh , Endoscopy Unit , Edinburgh , UK.
Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017 Dec;11(12):1119-1134. doi: 10.1080/17474124.2017.1373017. Epub 2017 Sep 14.
A biomarker is a measurable indicator of normal biologic processes, pathogenic processes or pharmacological responses. The identification of a useful biomarker is challenging, with several hurdles to overcome before clinical adoption. This review gives a general overview of a range of biomarkers associated with inflammatory bowel disease or colorectal cancer along the gastrointestinal tract. Areas covered: These markers include those that are already clinically accepted, such as inflammatory markers such as faecal calprotectin, S100A12 (Calgranulin C), Fatty Acid Binding Proteins (FABP), malignancy markers such as Faecal Occult Blood, Mucins, Stool DNA, Faecal microRNA (miRNA), other markers such as Faecal Elastase, Faecal alpha-1-antitrypsin, Alpha2-macroglobulin and possible future markers such as microbiota, volatile organic compounds and pH. Expert commentary: There are currently a few biomarkers that have been sufficiently validated for routine clinical use at present such as FC. However, many of these biomarkers continue to be limited in sensitivity and specificity for various GI diseases. Emerging biomarkers have the potential to improve diagnosis and monitoring but further study is required to determine efficacy and validate clinical utility.
生物标志物是指可衡量的正常生物学过程、病理过程或药物反应指标。在临床应用之前，需要克服几个障碍才能确定一个有用的生物标志物。本文综述了与胃肠道炎症性肠病或结直肠癌相关的一系列生物标志物。涵盖领域：这些标志物包括已经被临床接受的标志物，如炎症标志物如粪便钙卫蛋白、S100A12（Calgranulin C）、脂肪酸结合蛋白（FABP）、恶性肿瘤标志物如粪便隐血、粘蛋白、粪便 DNA、粪便 microRNA（miRNA）、其他标志物如粪便弹性蛋白酶、粪便α-1-抗胰蛋白酶、α2-巨球蛋白，以及可能的未来标志物如微生物群、挥发性有机化合物和 pH 值。专家评论：目前有一些生物标志物已经经过充分验证，可用于常规临床应用，如 FC。然而，这些生物标志物在用于各种胃肠道疾病时仍然存在敏感性和特异性有限的问题。新兴的生物标志物有可能改善诊断和监测，但需要进一步研究以确定其疗效并验证其临床实用性。
