Boroujeni Mahdi Eskandarian, Gardaneh Mossa
Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
Neural Regen Res. 2017 Jul;12(7):1186-1192. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.211201.
Cell replacement therapy utilizing mesenchymal stem cells as its main resource holds great promise for ultimate treatment of human neurological disorders. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common, chronic neurodegenerative disorder hallmarked by localized degeneration of a specific set of dopaminergic neurons within a midbrain sub-region. The specific cell type and confined location of degenerating neurons make cell replacement therapy ideal for PD treatment since it mainly requires replenishment of lost dopaminergic neurons with fresh and functional ones. Endogenous as well as exogenous cell sources have been identified as candidate targets for cell replacement therapy in PD. In this review, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) are discussed as they provide an inexpensive unlimited reservoir differentiable towards functional dopaminergic neurons that potentially lead to long-lasting behavioral recovery in PD patients. We also present miRNAs-mediated neuronal differentiation of UCMSCs. The UCMSCs bear a number of outstanding characteristics including their non-tumorigenic, low-immunogenic properties that make them ideal for cell replacement therapy purposes. Nevertheless, more investigations as well as controlled clinical trials are required to thoroughly confirm the efficacy of UCMSCs for therapeutic medical-grade applications in PD.
以间充质干细胞为主要来源的细胞替代疗法对人类神经系统疾病的最终治疗具有巨大潜力。帕金森病（PD）是一种常见的慢性神经退行性疾病，其特征是中脑一个亚区域内一组特定的多巴胺能神经元发生局部变性。退化神经元的特定细胞类型和局限位置使细胞替代疗法成为PD治疗的理想选择，因为它主要需要用新鲜且功能正常的多巴胺能神经元来补充丢失的神经元。内源性和外源性细胞来源已被确定为PD细胞替代疗法的候选靶点。在这篇综述中，讨论了脐带间充质干细胞（UCMSCs），因为它们提供了一种廉价的、可分化为功能性多巴胺能神经元的无限细胞来源，这可能会使PD患者实现持久的行为恢复。我们还介绍了miRNA介导的UCMSCs向神经元的分化。UCMSCs具有许多突出特性，包括其无致瘤性、低免疫原性，这些特性使其成为细胞替代疗法的理想选择。然而，需要更多的研究以及对照临床试验来彻底证实UCMSCs在PD治疗性医学应用中的疗效。
