Center for Behavioral Health, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, 282 Washington Street, Hartford, CT, 06106, USA.
Department of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2018 Jul;46(5):1089-1109. doi: 10.1007/s10802-017-0340-3.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-competence and subsequent depressive symptom trajectories, by gender, in a community sample of adolescents (N = 753; 53% female; 65% non-Hispanic White). Data were collected annually for three years beginning when adolescents were in the 10th and 11th grades (Age: M = 16.09, SD = 0.72 years). Adolescents provided self-reports of self-competence at baseline and depressive symptoms every year. In latent growth curve models examining the overall trajectory of depressive symptoms, higher global self-worth and self-competence in close friendships were significantly associated with greater decreases in depressive symptoms (ps < 0.05). In contrast, higher academic self-competence was associated with more attenuated decreases in depressive symptoms (p = 0.001). When examining subgroups of latent depressive symptom trajectories within the context of growth mixture modeling, higher self-competence in physical appearance was associated with a decreased likelihood of membership in trajectory classes characterized by high initial, then decreasing depressive symptoms or and low initial, then increasing depressive symptoms (ps < 0.01). Among girls, higher global self-worth and self-competence in close friendship and academic domains were associated with membership in a trajectory class distinguished by high stable depressive symptoms (ps < 0.01); these associations were not observed among boys (ps > 0.05). Findings suggest that the competence-based model of depression is valid and applicable during middle-to-late adolescence, and emphasize the importance of considering gender and individual differences in the developmental course of depressive symptoms to gain a more nuanced understanding of the role of self-competence in depressive symptom trajectories.
本研究旨在通过性别检验，在青少年社区样本中（N=753；53%为女性；65%为非西班牙裔白人），考察自我效能与随后抑郁症状轨迹之间的关系。数据在青少年进入 10 至 11 年级时（年龄：M=16.09，SD=0.72 岁），每年收集三年。青少年在基线时自我报告自我效能感和每年的抑郁症状。在考察抑郁症状总体轨迹的潜在增长曲线模型中，较高的整体自我价值感和亲密友谊中的自我效能感与抑郁症状的显著下降有关（ps<0.05）。相反，较高的学业自我效能感与抑郁症状下降幅度减弱有关（p=0.001）。在增长混合建模的背景下，当检验潜在抑郁症状轨迹的亚组时，较高的外表自我效能感与属于具有高初始然后下降或低初始然后增加抑郁症状的轨迹类别的可能性降低有关（ps<0.01）。在女孩中，较高的整体自我价值感和亲密友谊以及学业领域的自我效能感与具有高稳定抑郁症状的轨迹类别的成员资格有关（ps<0.01）；在男孩中没有观察到这些关联（ps>0.05）。研究结果表明，抑郁的基于能力的模型在从中年到青少年后期是有效和适用的，并强调在考虑性别和抑郁症状发展过程中的个体差异时，要更细致地了解自我效能感在抑郁症状轨迹中的作用。
