McLaughlin Katie A, King Kevin
Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Box351525, Seattle, WA, 98195, Washington,
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2015 Feb;43(2):311-23. doi: 10.1007/s10802-014-9898-1.
Adolescence is a period of heightened vulnerability for the onset of internalizing psychopathology. Characterizing developmental patterns of symptom stability, progression, and co-occurrence is important in order to identify adolescents most at risk for persistent problems. We use latent growth curve modeling to characterize developmental trajectories of depressive symptoms and four classes of anxiety symptoms (GAD, physical symptoms, separation anxiety, and social anxiety) across early adolescence, prospective associations of depression and anxiety trajectories with one another, and variation in trajectories by gender. A diverse sample of early adolescents (N = 1,065) was assessed at three time points across a one-year period. All classes of anxiety symptoms declined across the study period and depressive symptoms remained stable. In between-individual analysis, adolescents with high levels of depressive symptoms experienced less decline over time in symptoms of physical, social, and separation anxiety. Consistent associations were observed between depression and anxiety symptom trajectories within-individuals over time, such that adolescents who experienced a higher level of a specific symptom type than would be expected given their overall symptom trajectory were more likely to experience a later deflection from their average trajectory in other symptoms. Within-individual deflections in GAD, physical, and social symptoms predicted later deflections in depressive symptoms, and deflections in depressive symptoms predicted later deflections in GAD and separation anxiety symptoms. Females had higher levels of symptoms than males, but no evidence was found for variation in symptom trajectories or their associations with one another by gender or by age.
青春期是内化性精神病理学发病风险增加的时期。为了确定最有可能出现持续性问题的青少年，描绘症状稳定性、进展和共现的发展模式很重要。我们使用潜在增长曲线模型来描绘青春期早期抑郁症状和四类焦虑症状（广泛性焦虑障碍、躯体症状、分离焦虑和社交焦虑）的发展轨迹、抑郁和焦虑轨迹之间的前瞻性关联以及轨迹在性别上的差异。在一年时间内的三个时间点对一个多样化的青少年早期样本（N = 1065）进行了评估。在整个研究期间，所有类别的焦虑症状都有所下降，而抑郁症状保持稳定。在个体间分析中，抑郁症状水平高的青少年在躯体、社交和分离焦虑症状方面随时间的下降较少。随着时间的推移，在个体内部观察到抑郁和焦虑症状轨迹之间存在一致的关联，即与根据其总体症状轨迹预期水平相比，经历特定症状类型水平较高的青少年更有可能在其他症状方面偏离其平均轨迹。广泛性焦虑障碍、躯体和社交症状的个体内部偏离预测了抑郁症状的后期偏离，而抑郁症状的偏离预测了广泛性焦虑障碍和分离焦虑症状的后期偏离。女性的症状水平高于男性，但未发现症状轨迹或其相互关联在性别或年龄方面存在差异的证据。
