Ifeorah I M, Bakarey A S, Adeniji J A, Onyemelukwe F N
a Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences , University of Nigeria , Enugu , Nigeria.
b Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine , University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria.
J Immunoassay Immunochem. 2017;38(6):608-619. doi: 10.1080/15321819.2017.1372474. Epub 2017 Aug 30.
Triple infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis D virus (HDV) is rare. There is limited data on the seroprevalence of HIV/HBV/HDV tri-infection especially in Nigeria. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalences of HBsAg and HDV among HIV-infected individuals attending anti-retroviral (ARV) clinics in Abuja, Nigeria.
In this cohort study, blood samples were collected from 1102 (male = 450; female = 652), with age range <20 to ≥51 years (mean age = 34.0; SD = 11.5), consenting HIV-infected population attending ARV clinics at selected health facilities in Abuja, Nigeria, between April and October 2016. A well-structured questionnaire was used to capture demographic information from the respondents. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-HDV. The result was interpreted according to manufacturer's instruction. Statistical data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21, and chi-square (χ) test was used to determine association with P < 0.05 considered significant.
Overall seroprevalences of 10.3%, 7.1%, and 0.7% for HBV, HBV/HDV, and HIV/HBV/HDV, respectively, were found among the study population. The infection rate (13.3%) peaked at age range of 31-40 years for HBV (P = 0.002), 50% at <20 years for HBV/HDV (P = 0.049), and 1.5% at 31-40 years for HIV/HBV/HDV (P = 0.202). By gender, the rate was higher in males (10.9%, 10.2%, 1.1%) than females (9.8%, 4.9%, 0.5%) for HBV, HBV/HDV, and HIV/HBV/HDV infections, respectively. However, there was no significant association between infection rate and gender.
This study has established that HBV and HDV prevalence is still high in the population studied and that the rate of triple infection is low. We advocate for more robust control measures for HBV which should be extended to HDV in HIV population through screening and vaccination.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）、乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）和丁型肝炎病毒（HDV）三重感染较为罕见。关于HIV/HBV/HDV三重感染的血清流行率的数据有限，尤其是在尼日利亚。本研究的目的是确定在尼日利亚阿布贾接受抗逆转录病毒（ARV）治疗的HIV感染者中HBsAg和HDV的血清流行率。
在这项队列研究中，于2016年4月至10月期间，从尼日利亚阿布贾选定卫生设施中1102名（男性=450名；女性=652名）年龄在<20至≥51岁（平均年龄=34.0岁；标准差=11.5）且同意参与研究的HIV感染者中采集血样。使用一份结构完善的问卷收集受访者的人口统计学信息。采用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）法测定乙型肝炎表面抗原和抗HDV的血清流行率。结果根据制造商的说明进行解读。使用SPSS 21.0软件对统计数据进行分析，并采用卡方（χ²）检验确定相关性，P<0.05被视为具有统计学意义。
在研究人群中，HBV、HBV/HDV和HIV/HBV/HDV的总体血清流行率分别为10.3%、7.1%和0.7%。HBV感染率（13.3%）在31 - 40岁年龄组达到峰值（P = 0.002），HBV/HDV感染率在<20岁年龄组为50%（P = 0.049），HIV/HBV/HDV感染率在31 - 40岁年龄组为1.5%（P = 0.202）。按性别划分，HBV、HBV/HDV和HIV/HBV/HDV感染率男性（分别为10.9%、10.2%、1.1%）高于女性（分别为9.8%、4.9%、0.5%）。然而，感染率与性别之间无显著相关性。
本研究证实，在所研究的人群中HBV和HDV的流行率仍然较高，而三重感染率较低。我们提倡采取更有力的HBV控制措施，并应通过筛查和疫苗接种将这些措施扩展到HIV人群中的HDV防控。
