Woods N, Gilliland J, Seabrook J A
School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, London, ON, Canada.
Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
J Neonatal Perinatal Med. 2017;10(3):233-248. doi: 10.3233/NPM-16112.
Adverse birth outcomes are associated with neonatal morbidity and mortality, and higher risk for coronary heart disease, non-insulin-dependent diabetes and hypertension in adulthood. Although there has been considerable research investigating the association between maternal and environmental factors on adverse birth outcomes, one risk factor, not fully understood, is the influence of the built environment. A search of MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane was conducted to find articles assessing the influence of the built environment on preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), and small-for-gestational-age (SGA). In total, 41 studies met our inclusion criteria, and were organized into nine categories: Roadways, Greenness, Power Plants, Gas Stations/Wells, Waste Management, Power Lines, Neighborhood Conditions, Food Environment, and Industry. The most common built environmental variable was roads/traffic, encompassing 17/41 (41%) of the articles reviewed, of which 12/17 (71%) found a significant small to moderate association between high traffic exposure and adverse birth outcomes.
不良出生结局与新生儿发病率和死亡率相关，并且在成年后患冠心病、非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病和高血压的风险更高。尽管已经有大量研究探讨母体因素和环境因素与不良出生结局之间的关联，但一个尚未完全了解的风险因素是建筑环境的影响。我们检索了MEDLINE、Scopus和Cochrane数据库，以查找评估建筑环境对早产（PTB）、低出生体重（LBW）和小于胎龄儿（SGA）影响的文章。共有41项研究符合我们的纳入标准，并被分为九类：道路、绿化、发电厂、加油站/油井、废物管理、输电线、邻里环境、食物环境和工业。最常见的建筑环境变量是道路/交通，在所审查的文章中占17/41（41%），其中12/17（71%）发现高交通暴露与不良出生结局之间存在显著的小到中度关联。
