角蝉Entylia carinata(半翅目:角蝉科)专性共生菌的比较基因组学研究,为古老共生关系的起源与进化提供了见解。

Comparative Genomics of the Dual-Obligate Symbionts from the Treehopper, Entylia carinata (Hemiptera: Membracidae), Provide Insight into the Origins and Evolution of an Ancient Symbiosis.

作者信息

Mao Meng, Yang Xiushuai, Poff Kirsten, Bennett Gordon

机构信息

Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa.

出版信息

Genome Biol Evol. 2017 Jun 1;9(6):1803-1815. doi: 10.1093/gbe/evx134.

Abstract

Insect species in the Auchenorrhyncha suborder (Hemiptera) maintain ancient obligate symbioses with bacteria that provide essential amino acids (EAAs) deficient in their plant-sap diets. Molecular studies have revealed that two complementary symbiont lineages, "Candidatus Sulcia muelleri" and a betaproteobacterium ("Ca. Zinderia insecticola" in spittlebugs [Cercopoidea] and "Ca. Nasuia deltocephalinicola" in leafhoppers [Cicadellidae]) may have persisted in the suborder since its origin ∼300 Ma. However, investigation of how this pair has co-evolved on a genomic level is limited to only a few host lineages. We sequenced the complete genomes of Sulcia and a betaproteobacterium from the treehopper, Entylia carinata (Membracidae: ENCA), as the first representative from this species-rich group. It also offers the opportunity to compare symbiont evolution across a major insect group, the Membracoidea (leafhoppers + treehoppers). Genomic analyses show that the betaproteobacteria in ENCA is a member of the Nasuia lineage. Both symbionts have larger genomes (Sulcia = 218 kb and Nasuia = 144 kb) than related lineages in Deltocephalinae leafhoppers, retaining genes involved in basic cellular functions and information processing. Nasuia-ENCA further exhibits few unique gene losses, suggesting that its parent lineage in the common ancestor to the Membracoidea was already highly reduced. Sulcia-ENCA has lost the abilities to synthesize menaquinone cofactor and to complete the synthesis of the branched-chain EAAs. Both capabilities are conserved in other Sulcia lineages sequenced from across the Auchenorrhyncha. Finally, metagenomic sequencing recovered the partial genome of an Arsenophonus symbiont, although it infects only 20% of individuals indicating a facultative role.

摘要

头喙亚目(半翅目)昆虫与细菌保持着古老的专性共生关系,这些细菌能提供其植物汁液饮食中缺乏的必需氨基酸(EAA)。分子研究表明,两个互补的共生菌谱系,即“候选穆勒苏西亚菌”和一种β-变形菌(沫蝉科[沫蝉总科]中的“候选昆虫辛德菌”以及叶蝉科中的“候选三角头叶蝉纳苏菌”)自约3亿年前该亚目起源以来可能一直存在。然而,关于这一对共生菌在基因组水平上如何共同进化的研究仅限于少数宿主谱系。我们对来自角蝉Entylia carinata(角蝉科:ENCA)的苏西亚菌和一种β-变形菌的完整基因组进行了测序,这是来自这个物种丰富类群的首个代表。这也为比较一个主要昆虫类群——膜角亚目(叶蝉 + 角蝉)中共生菌的进化提供了机会。基因组分析表明,ENCA中的β-变形菌是纳苏菌谱系的成员。与叶蝉亚科叶蝉中的相关谱系相比,这两种共生菌都有更大的基因组(苏西亚菌 = 218 kb,纳苏菌 = 144 kb),保留了参与基本细胞功能和信息处理的基因。纳苏菌 - ENCA进一步表现出很少的独特基因丢失,这表明其在膜角亚目共同祖先中的亲本谱系已经高度简化。苏西亚菌 - ENCA已经失去了合成甲萘醌辅因子和完成支链EAA合成的能力。这两种能力在从头喙亚目测序的其他苏西亚菌谱系中是保守的。最后,宏基因组测序获得了一种阿氏共生菌的部分基因组,尽管它仅感染20%的个体,表明其具有兼性作用。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/35dd/5533117/b6980b50ce94/evx134f1.jpg

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