Pepperberg Irene M, Gray Suzanne L, Lesser Justin S, Hartsfield Leigh Ann
Department of Psychology, Harvard University.
Department of Neuroscience, Brandeis University.
J Comp Psychol. 2017 Nov;131(4):370-383. doi: 10.1037/com0000085. Epub 2017 Aug 31.
An understanding of Piagetian liquid conservation was investigated in four Grey parrots (), their ages ranging from initially less than 1 year old to 18 years old. They were tested in several conditions: on the ability to choose between (a) identical containers filled with a greater or lesser quantity of a desirable liquid to see if they would reliably take the larger amount and (b) equal quantities of liquid that were visibly or invisibly transferred from identical to different-sized containers to examine their abilities with respect to conservation. Invisible transfers examined the extent to which birds chose based on perceptual evaluations of quantity and the effects of task order on their decisions. Adult birds succeeded on all or most aspects of the tests. As a chick (∼6 months), 1 bird was unable or unwilling to choose between the smaller and larger quantities in the first stage of testing, but upon reaching juvenile status succeeded in all aspects of the tests. Grey parrots thus demonstrate some understanding of liquid conservation. (PsycINFO Database Record
对四只非洲灰鹦鹉的皮亚杰液体守恒理解能力进行了研究，它们的年龄最初从不到1岁到18岁不等。它们在几种情况下接受测试：(a) 在装有或多或少所需液体的相同容器之间进行选择的能力，以观察它们是否会可靠地选择量更大的容器；(b) 将等量的液体从相同大小的容器明显或不明显地转移到不同大小的容器中，以检验它们在守恒方面的能力。不明显转移测试了鸟类基于对数量的感知评估进行选择的程度以及任务顺序对其决策的影响。成年鸟类在测试的所有或大部分方面都取得了成功。作为一只雏鸟（约6个月大），有1只鸟在测试的第一阶段无法或不愿意在较小和较大数量之间进行选择，但在达到幼年状态时在测试的所有方面都取得了成功。因此，非洲灰鹦鹉表现出对液体守恒的一些理解。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
