Perdicoyianni-Paleologou Helen
Helen Perdicoyianni-Paleologou is a fellow in residence in the Department of Philosophy at Boston (Mass.) College. She holds two doctorates from the University of Paris (the Sorbonne) in Paris, France, and a diploma in the history of medicine from the Université Paris V Réné Descartes, part of the Sorbonne. The author has disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.
JAAPA. 2017 Sep;30(9):1-3. doi: 10.1097/01.JAA.0000522140.98940.ad.
In 1803, shortly after the French Revolution, the French healthcare system was reorganized and a new independent medical officer, the officier de santé (health officer) was introduced. Qualifications included 3 years in a medical school (compared with 6 years for a physician) and an apprenticeship with a physician. Although somewhat independent, officiers de santé were limited in their scope of practice to general medicine, prescribing medications, and minor surgical procedures. Many were deployed to medically underserved areas. After almost a century of activity in a role not unlike physician assistants, the officiers de santé were abolished in 1892. Development of a more rigorous medical education and an adequate supply of physicians meant that physicians were better deployed throughout France, and were largely the reasons for abolishing this PA prototype.
1803年，法国大革命后不久，法国医疗体系进行了重组，引入了一种新的独立医疗官员——卫生官员。任职资格包括在医学院学习3年（而医生为6年）以及跟随一名医生实习。尽管卫生官员在一定程度上具有独立性，但他们的执业范围仅限于普通医学、开药和小型外科手术。许多卫生官员被派往医疗服务不足的地区。在从事了近一个世纪类似于医师助理的工作后，卫生官员于1892年被废除。更严格的医学教育的发展以及医生的充足供应意味着医生能在法国各地得到更好的调配，这在很大程度上是废除这种医师助理原型的原因。
