From the Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, C Floor, Sheffield S10 2JF, England (M.R.R., N.J.S., P.D.G., G.N., J.M.W.).
Radiology. 2018 Feb;286(2):659-665. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2017162881. Epub 2017 Aug 31.
Purpose To evaluate the feasibility of directly imaging perfusion of human brain tissue by using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with inhaled hyperpolarized xenon 129 (Xe). Materials and Methods In vivo imaging with Xe was performed in three healthy participants. The combination of a high-yield spin-exchange optical pumping Xe polarizer, custom-built radiofrequency coils, and an optimized gradient-echo MR imaging protocol was used to achieve signal sensitivity sufficient to directly image hyperpolarized Xe dissolved in the human brain. Conventional T1-weighted proton (hydrogen 1 [H]) images and perfusion images by using arterial spin labeling were obtained for comparison. Results Images of Xe uptake were obtained with a signal-to-noise ratio of 31 ± 9 and demonstrated structural similarities to the gray matter distribution on conventional T1-weighted H images and to perfusion images from arterial spin labeling. Conclusion Hyperpolarized Xe MR imaging is an injection-free means of imaging the perfusion of cerebral tissue. The proposed method images the uptake of inhaled xenon gas to the extravascular brain tissue compartment across the intact blood-brain barrier. This level of sensitivity is not readily available with contemporary MR imaging methods. RSNA, 2017.
目的 利用磁共振（MR）成像技术，通过吸入氙 129（Xe）直接对人脑组织的灌注进行成像，评估其可行性。
材料与方法 对 3 名健康志愿者进行了 Xe 体内成像。采用高产率的自旋交换光泵 Xe 极化器、定制的射频线圈和优化的梯度回波 MR 成像方案相结合，实现了足够的信号灵敏度，可直接对溶解在人脑内的超极化 Xe 进行成像。同时获得了常规 T1 加权质子（氢 1 [H]）图像和动脉自旋标记的灌注图像作为比较。
结果 获得了 Xe 摄取的图像，信噪比为 31 ± 9，与常规 T1 加权 H 图像的灰质分布以及动脉自旋标记的灌注图像具有结构相似性。
结论 氙 129 磁共振成像是一种无需注射即可对脑组织灌注进行成像的方法。该方法通过完整的血脑屏障对吸入的氙气在血管外脑组织中的摄取进行成像。这种灵敏度水平目前还无法通过现有的磁共振成像方法获得。
美国放射学会，2017 年。
