Schulte Erica M, Smeal Julia K, Gearhardt Ashley N
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2017 Aug 31;12(8):e0184220. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184220. eCollection 2017.
The current study investigates which foods may be most implicated in addictive-like eating by examining how nutritionally diverse foods relate to loss of control consumption and various subjective effect reports. Subjective effect reports assess the abuse liabilities of substances and may similarly provide insight into which foods may be reinforcing in a manner that triggers an addictive-like response for some individuals.
Cross-sectional.
Online community.
507 participants (n = 501 used in analyses) recruited through Amazon MTurk.
Participants (n = 501) self-reported how likely they were to experience a loss of control over their consumption of 30 nutritionally diverse foods and rated each food on five subjective effect report questions that assess the abuse liability of substances (liking, pleasure, craving, averseness, intensity). Hierarchical cluster analytic techniques were used to examine how foods grouped together based on each question.
Highly processed foods, with added fats and/or refined carbohydrates, clustered together and were associated with greater loss of control, liking, pleasure, and craving. The clusters yielded from the subjective effect reports assessing liking, pleasure, and craving were most similar to clusters formed based on loss of control over consumption, whereas the clusters yielded from averseness and intensity did not meaningfully differentiate food items.
The present work applies methodology used to assess the abuse liability of substances to understand whether foods may vary in their potential to be associated with addictive-like consumption. Highly processed foods (e.g., pizza, chocolate) appear to be most related to an indicator of addictive-like eating (loss of control) and several subjective effect reports (liking, pleasure, craving). Thus, these foods may be particularly reinforcing and capable of triggering an addictive-like response in some individuals. Future research is warranted to understand whether highly processed foods are related to these indicators of abuse liability at a similar magnitude as addictive substances.
本研究通过考察营养成分多样的食物与失控性进食以及各种主观效应报告之间的关系，探究哪些食物可能与成瘾性进食最为相关。主观效应报告评估物质的滥用可能性，同样也能为哪些食物可能以某种方式强化，从而引发一些个体的成瘾性反应提供见解。
横断面研究。
在线社区。
通过亚马逊土耳其机器人平台招募的507名参与者（分析中使用n = 501）。
参与者（n = 501）自行报告他们在食用30种营养成分多样的食物时失控的可能性，并就五个评估物质滥用可能性的主观效应报告问题（喜好、愉悦、渴望、厌恶、强度）对每种食物进行评分。采用层次聚类分析技术，根据每个问题来考察食物如何聚类。
添加了脂肪和/或精制碳水化合物的高度加工食品聚在一起，且与更强的失控感、喜好、愉悦和渴望相关。基于评估喜好、愉悦和渴望的主观效应报告得出的聚类与基于进食失控形成的聚类最为相似，而基于厌恶和强度得出的聚类未能有效区分食物种类。
本研究运用评估物质滥用可能性的方法，来了解食物在与成瘾性进食相关的潜在可能性上是否存在差异。高度加工食品（如披萨、巧克力）似乎与成瘾性进食的一个指标（失控）以及几份主观效应报告（喜好、愉悦、渴望）最为相关。因此，这些食物可能特别具有强化作用，能够在一些个体中引发成瘾性反应。有必要开展进一步研究，以了解高度加工食品与这些滥用可能性指标之间的关联程度是否与成瘾物质相似。
