Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Mol Plant. 2018 Jan 8;11(1):31-46. doi: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.08.011. Epub 2017 Aug 30.
Plant cell walls contain elaborate polysaccharide networks and regulate plant growth, development, mechanics, cell-cell communication and adhesion, and defense. Despite conferring rigidity to support plant structures, the cell wall is a dynamic extracellular matrix that is modified, reorganized, and degraded to tightly control its properties during growth and development. Far from being a terminal carbon sink, many wall polymers can be degraded and recycled by plant cells, either via direct re-incorporation by transglycosylation or via internalization and metabolic salvage of wall-derived sugars to produce new precursors for wall synthesis. However, the physiological and metabolic contributions of wall recycling to plant growth and development are largely undefined. In this review, we discuss long-standing and recent evidence supporting the occurrence of cell-wall recycling in plants, make predictions regarding the developmental processes to which wall recycling might contribute, and identify outstanding questions and emerging experimental tools that might be used to address these questions and enhance our understanding of this poorly characterized aspect of wall dynamics and metabolism.
植物细胞壁包含精细的多糖网络,调节植物的生长、发育、力学、细胞间通讯和黏附以及防御。尽管细胞壁赋予了植物结构的刚性,但它也是一种动态的细胞外基质,在生长和发育过程中通过修饰、重组和降解来严格控制其性质。细胞壁聚合物远非一个终末碳汇,许多植物细胞可以通过直接的转糖苷作用重新掺入,或者通过内化和细胞壁衍生糖的代谢回收,来降解和再循环利用,从而产生新的细胞壁合成前体。然而,细胞壁再循环对植物生长和发育的生理和代谢贡献在很大程度上尚未确定。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了支持植物中细胞壁再循环发生的长期和最新证据,对细胞壁再循环可能有助于哪些发育过程做出预测,并确定了悬而未决的问题和新兴的实验工具,这些问题和工具可能被用于解决这些问题,并增强我们对细胞壁动力学和代谢这一特征不明显方面的理解。