Nomis Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, United States.
Nomis Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, United States.
Semin Immunol. 2017 Aug;32:54-61. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.08.004. Epub 2017 Aug 31.
Infectious disease and cancer are two maladies with multiple similarities. Both types of disease induce activation of the host immune response and induce pathologies that compromise host heath and survival. In infection biology, defense against pathogens can be broken down into two distinct components called resistance and tolerance. Resistance protects the host by killing pathogens. Tolerance protects the host by alleviating the pathology caused by the infection. The conceptual framework of resistance and tolerance, concepts explored during infectious disease, is applicable to cancer, a condition for which patient survival is dependent on tumor eradication (resistance) and the mitigation of pathologies that occur during disease (tolerance). Here, we propose that integration of the concept of disease tolerance into cancer studies will result in new therapies to complement current resistance-based treatment strategies to increase the likelihood of patient survival and to improve quality of life. Furthermore, by drawing parallels between infectious disease and cancer, we propose that host interactions with microbes could provide therapeutic insight for promoting tolerance defense and focus our discussion on cachexia, a pathology resulting in significant morbidity in cancer patients.
传染病和癌症是两种具有多种相似之处的疾病。这两种疾病都会引起宿主免疫反应的激活，并导致宿主健康和生存受到损害的病理变化。在感染生物学中，防御病原体可以分为两个截然不同的部分，称为抵抗和耐受。抵抗通过杀死病原体来保护宿主。耐受通过减轻感染引起的病理变化来保护宿主。在传染病中探索的抵抗和耐受的概念框架适用于癌症，癌症患者的生存取决于肿瘤的消除（抵抗）和疾病过程中病理变化的缓解（耐受）。在这里，我们提出将疾病耐受的概念纳入癌症研究中，将产生新的治疗方法，以补充当前基于抵抗的治疗策略，从而提高患者的生存率并改善生活质量。此外，通过比较传染病和癌症，我们提出宿主与微生物的相互作用可以为促进耐受防御提供治疗启示，并将我们的讨论重点放在恶病质上，这是癌症患者发病率很高的一种病理变化。
