Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zürich, Gloriastrasse 30, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland.
Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zürich, Gloriastrasse 30, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland.
Int J Med Microbiol. 2018 Jan;308(1):49-57. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2017.08.004. Epub 2017 Aug 16.
The environmental bacterium Legionella pneumophila replicates in free-living amoeba as well as in alveolar macrophages upon inhalation of bacteria-laden aerosols. Resistance of the opportunistic pathogen to macrophages is a prerequisite to cause a severe pneumonia called Legionnaires' disease. L. pneumophila grows intracellularly in a unique, ER-associated compartment, the Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV). The bacterial Icm/Dot type IV secretion system represents an essential virulence factor, which translocates approximately 300 "effector proteins" into protozoan or mammalian host cells. Some of these effectors contribute to the formation of the LCV by targeting conserved host factors implicated in membrane dynamics, such as phosphoinositide lipids and small GTPases. Here we review recent findings on the role of phosphoinositides, small and large GTPases as well as ER dynamics for pathogen vacuole formation and intracellular replication of L. pneumophila.
环境细菌嗜肺军团菌在吸入含菌气溶胶后，可在自由生活的变形虫以及肺泡巨噬细胞中复制。这种机会致病菌对巨噬细胞的抵抗力是引起称为军团病的严重肺炎的先决条件。嗜肺军团菌在一个独特的、内质网相关的隔室内进行细胞内生长，即含有军团菌的空泡（LCV）。细菌 Icm/Dot 型 IV 型分泌系统是一种重要的毒力因子，它将大约 300 种“效应蛋白”易位到原生动物或哺乳动物宿主细胞中。其中一些效应蛋白通过靶向参与膜动力学的保守宿主因子，如磷酸肌醇脂质和小 GTPases，有助于 LCV 的形成。在这里，我们综述了最近关于磷酸肌醇、小 GTPases 和大 GTPases以及内质网动力学在病原体空泡形成和嗜肺军团菌细胞内复制中的作用的发现。
