Ziobrowski Hannah, Sartor Carolyn E, Tsai Jack, Pietrzak Robert H
Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
J Psychosom Res. 2017 Oct;101:110-113. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.08.011. Epub 2017 Aug 12.
To characterize gender differences in the prevalence of mental and physical health conditions and evaluate the moderating effect of assaultive trauma on risk for these conditions in a nationally representative sample of male and female U.S. veterans.
Cross-sectional data were analyzed from 3157 U.S. veterans from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study. Multivariable logistic regression analyses assessed gender differences in health outcomes and evaluated physical and sexual trauma as possible moderators of these outcomes.
Compared to male veterans, female veterans had higher prevalence estimates of lifetime posttraumatic stress (OR=3.33) and lifetime and current major depressive (ORs=2.10 and 2.76, respectively) disorders, and lifetime histories of arthritis, migraine headaches, and osteoporosis (ORs ranging 2.14-9.74), but lower prevalence estimates of lifetime nicotine dependence (OR=0.46), lifetime and current alcohol use (ORs=0.19 and 0.36, respectively) and lifetime drug use (OR=0.39) disorders, and lifetime histories of diabetes, heart attack, and high blood pressure (ORs ranging 0.05-0.49). The elevation in risk associated with physical and sexual assault was greater for males than females for numerous health conditions (but greater for females for posttraumatic stress disorder).
Results provide a comprehensive assessment and characterization of gender differences in mental and physical health conditions and risk conferred by assaultive trauma for certain conditions in U.S. veterans.
在美国退伍军人的全国代表性样本中，描述心理健康状况和身体健康状况患病率的性别差异，并评估攻击性创伤对这些状况风险的调节作用。
对来自退伍军人健康与恢复力研究的3157名美国退伍军人的横断面数据进行分析。多变量逻辑回归分析评估了健康结果方面的性别差异，并将身体创伤和性创伤作为这些结果可能的调节因素进行评估。
与男性退伍军人相比，女性退伍军人一生创伤后应激障碍（比值比=3.33）、一生及当前重度抑郁症（比值比分别为2.10和2.76）的患病率估计更高，患关节炎、偏头痛和骨质疏松症的终生患病率也更高（比值比在2.14至9.74之间），但一生尼古丁依赖（比值比=0.46）、一生及当前饮酒（比值比分别为0.19和0.36）和一生药物使用障碍（比值比=0.39）的患病率估计更低，患糖尿病、心脏病发作和高血压的终生患病率也更低（比值比在0.05至0.49之间）。在许多健康状况方面，身体攻击和性攻击相关风险的升高对男性的影响大于女性（但创伤后应激障碍对女性的影响更大）。
研究结果全面评估并描述了美国退伍军人心理健康状况和身体健康状况的性别差异，以及攻击性创伤对某些状况的风险影响。
