College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States.
Division of Oncological Sciences, University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL, United States.
Prev Med. 2017 Dec;105:77-87. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.08.029. Epub 2017 Sep 1.
Despite well-established links between exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and skin cancer, UVR-based tanning behaviors persist among college students. Understanding tanning motivations, perceptions, barriers, and demographic characteristics of this population is critical to modifying these behaviors, but is limited by variability in study design, sample size, and outcomes measured in the current literature. To help clarify the tanning behaviors of this population and provide a concise reference for future studies, this review examines existing reports to determine the comparability of tanning behaviors across multiple U.S. college populations. A systematic review of the literature was performed in July 2016 to identify studies investigating tanning behaviors among U.S. college students. Twenty-three studies met inclusion criteria. High rates of indoor tanning (IT) and outdoor tanning (OT) were found among college students. Key motivators included appearance, emotion, health perceptions, and the influence of parents, peers, and the media. Misconceptions regarding skin protection, low rates of sun protective behaviors, and tanning dependence were barriers against safe UVR exposure. Understudied demographic factors may account for variance in observed tanning behaviors, emphasizing the need for standardization efforts to consistently identify trends associated with geographical region, age, year in college, and sex. The findings presented in this review reaffirm that college students are at high risk for tanning-associated skin cancer, emphasizing the critical need for effective, targeted interventions. Improved interventions will reduce the burden of skin cancer within this group, ultimately contributing to longer, healthier lives.
尽管紫外线辐射（UVR）暴露与皮肤癌之间存在明确的关联，但大学生中仍存在基于 UVR 的晒黑行为。了解该人群的晒黑动机、看法、障碍和人口统计学特征对于改变这些行为至关重要，但受到当前文献中研究设计、样本量和测量结果的差异的限制。为了帮助阐明该人群的晒黑行为，并为未来的研究提供简明参考，本综述审查了现有的报告，以确定多项美国大学生群体中晒黑行为的可比性。2016 年 7 月对文献进行了系统回顾，以确定调查美国大学生晒黑行为的研究。有 23 项研究符合纳入标准。研究发现，大学生中存在较高的室内晒黑（IT）和室外晒黑（OT）率。主要动机包括外表、情绪、健康认知以及父母、同龄人、媒体的影响。对皮肤保护的误解、防晒行为的低水平以及晒黑依赖是安全 UVR 暴露的障碍。研究较少的人口统计学因素可能是观察到的晒黑行为差异的原因，强调需要标准化努力，以一致识别与地理位置、年龄、大学年级和性别相关的趋势。本综述中提出的研究结果再次证实，大学生有很高的患与晒黑相关的皮肤癌风险，强调需要有效的针对性干预措施。改进的干预措施将减少该人群的皮肤癌负担，最终有助于延长寿命和提高生活质量。
