O'Sullivan Timothy E, Sun Joseph C
Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, United States; Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, United States.
J Mol Biol. 2017 Nov 24;429(23):3577-3586. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.08.014. Epub 2017 Sep 1.
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are tissue-resident "first responders" of the immune system that function to protect epithelial barriers against pathogens and maintain tissue homeostasis. However, because ILCs are finely tuned to perturbations within tissue microenvironments, they can also contribute to host pathology when upstream activating signals are dysregulated. Recent work has demonstrated that the crosstalk between ILCs and their environment has a significant impact on host metabolism in health and disease. In this brief review, we summarize recent studies that demonstrate the ability of ILCs to influence tissue and systemic metabolism, as well as how ILC biology can be regulated by environmental changes in host metabolism. We also highlight studies showing how ILC-intrinsic metabolism influences their activation, proliferation, and homeostasis. Finally, this review discusses the challenges and open questions in the rapidly expanding field of immunometabolism.
固有淋巴细胞（ILCs）是免疫系统中驻留在组织中的“第一反应者”，其功能是保护上皮屏障免受病原体侵害并维持组织稳态。然而，由于ILCs对组织微环境中的扰动进行了精细调节，当上游激活信号失调时，它们也会导致宿主病理变化。最近的研究表明，ILCs与其环境之间的相互作用对健康和疾病状态下的宿主代谢有重大影响。在这篇简短的综述中，我们总结了最近的研究，这些研究证明了ILCs影响组织和全身代谢的能力，以及宿主代谢的环境变化如何调节ILC生物学特性。我们还强调了一些研究，这些研究展示了ILC内在代谢如何影响其激活、增殖和稳态。最后，本综述讨论了免疫代谢这一快速发展领域中的挑战和未解决的问题。
