Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
Institue of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
Front Immunol. 2020 Aug 28;11:1989. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01989. eCollection 2020.
Natural killer (NK) cells are the host's first line of defense against tumors and viral infections without prior sensitization. It is increasingly accepted that NK cells belong to the innate lymphoid cell (ILC) family. Other ILCs, comprising ILC1s, ILC2s, ILC3s and lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells, are largely non-cytotoxic, tissue-resident cells, which function to protect local microenvironments against tissue insults and maintain homeostasis. Recently, evidence has accumulated that metabolism supports many aspects of the biology of NK cells and other ILCs, and that metabolic reprogramming regulates their development and function. Here, we outline the current understanding of ILC metabolism, and describe how metabolic processes are affected, and how metabolic defects are coupled to dysfunction of ILCs, in disease settings. Furthermore, we summarize the current and potential directions for immunotherapy involving targeting of ILC metabolism. Finally, we discuss the open questions in the rapidly expanding field of ILC metabolism.
自然杀伤 (NK) 细胞是宿主对抗肿瘤和病毒感染的第一道防线，无需预先致敏。越来越多的人认为 NK 细胞属于先天淋巴细胞 (ILC) 家族。其他 ILC 包括 ILC1、ILC2、ILC3 和淋巴组织诱导 (LTi) 细胞，它们主要是非细胞毒性的组织驻留细胞，其功能是保护局部微环境免受组织损伤并维持体内平衡。最近的证据表明，代谢支持 NK 细胞和其他 ILC 的生物学的许多方面，并且代谢重编程调节它们的发育和功能。在这里，我们概述了目前对 ILC 代谢的理解，并描述了代谢过程如何受到影响，以及代谢缺陷如何与 ILC 功能障碍相关联，在疾病状态下。此外，我们总结了当前和潜在的免疫疗法方向，涉及靶向 ILC 代谢。最后，我们讨论了在快速发展的 ILC 代谢领域中存在的开放性问题。
