A Combined Association Mapping and Linkage Analysis of Kernel Number Per Spike in Common Wheat ( L.).

Kernel number per spike (KNPS) in wheat is a key factor that limits yield improvement. In this study, we genotyped a set of 264 cultivars, and a RIL population derived from the cross Yangmai 13/C615 using the 90 K wheat iSelect SNP array. We detected 62 significantly associated signals for KNPS at 47 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci through genome-wide association analysis of data obtained from multiple environments. These loci were on 19 chromosomes, and the phenotypic variation attributable to each one ranged from 1.53 to 39.52%. Twelve (25.53%) of the loci were also significantly associated with KNPS in the RIL population grown in multiple environments. For example, , , , and were significantly associated with KNPS in all environments. Our findings demonstrate the effective integration of association mapping and linkage analysis for KNPS, and underpin KNPS as a target trait for marker-assisted selection and genetic fine mapping.