Guo Jie, Zhang Yong, Shi Weiping, Zhang Boqiao, Zhang Jingjuan, Xu Yanhao, Cheng Xiaoming, Cheng Kai, Zhang Xueyong, Hao Chenyang, Cheng Shunhe
Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement for Low and Middle Yangtze Valley (Ministry of Agriculture), Lixiahe Agricultural Institute of Jiangsu Province Yangzhou, China ; Institute for Chemical Ecology, Shanxi Agricultural University Taigu, China.
Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement for Low and Middle Yangtze Valley (Ministry of Agriculture), Lixiahe Agricultural Institute of Jiangsu Province Yangzhou, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2015 Nov 20;6:1029. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01029. eCollection 2015.
The rates of grain-setting in apical and basal spikelets in wheat directly affect the kernel number per spike (KNPS). In this study, 220 wheat lines from 18 Chinese provinces and five foreign countries were used as a natural population. Phenotypic analysis showed differences in grain-setting rates between apical and basal spikelets. The broad-sense heritability of grain-setting rate in apical spikelets (18.7-21.0%) was higher than that for basal spikelets (9.4-16.4%). Significant correlations were found between KNPS and grain numbers in apical (R (2) = 0.40-0.45, P < 0.01) and basal (R (2) = 0.41-0.56, P < 0.01) spikelets. Seventy two of 106 SSR markers were associated with grain setting, 32 for apical spikelets, and 34 for basal spikelets. The SSR loci were located on 17 chromosomes, except 3A, 3D, 4A, and 7D, and explained 3.7-22.9% of the phenotypic variance. Four markers, Xcfa2153-1A 202 , Xgwm186-5A 118 , Xgwm156-3B 319 , and Xgwm537-7B 210 , showed the largest effects on grain numbers in apical and basal spikelets. High grain numbers in apical and basal spikelets were associated with elite alleles. Ningmai 9, Ning 0569, and Yangmai 18 with high grain-setting rates carried larger numbers of favorable alleles. Comparison of grain numbers in basal and apical spikelets of 35 Yangmai and Ningmai lines indicated that the Ningmai lines had better grain-setting rates (mean 21.4) than the Yangmai lines (16.5).
小麦顶小穗和基部小穗的结实率直接影响每穗粒数（KNPS）。本研究以来自中国18个省份和5个国家的220个小麦品系作为自然群体。表型分析表明，顶小穗和基部小穗的结实率存在差异。顶小穗结实率的广义遗传力（18.7 - 21.0%）高于基部小穗（9.4 - 16.4%）。发现KNPS与顶小穗（R² = 0.40 - 0.45，P < 0.01）和基部小穗（R² = 0.41 - 0.56，P < 0.01）的粒数之间存在显著相关性。106个SSR标记中的72个与结实相关，其中32个与顶小穗相关，34个与基部小穗相关。这些SSR位点位于17条染色体上，除了3A、3D、4A和7D染色体，解释了3.7 - 22.9%的表型变异。四个标记，Xcfa2153 - 1A 202、Xgwm186 - 5A 118、Xgwm156 - 3B 319和Xgwm537 - 7B 210，对顶小穗和基部小穗的粒数影响最大。顶小穗和基部小穗的高粒数与优良等位基因相关。结实率高的宁麦9号、宁0569和扬麦18号携带较多有利等位基因。对35个扬麦和宁麦品系基部小穗和顶小穗粒数的比较表明，宁麦品系的结实率（平均21.4）优于扬麦品系（16.5）。
