Dianatpour Ali, Ghafouri-Fard Soudeh
Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Int J Mol Cell Med. 2017 Winter;6(1):1-12. Epub 2017 Jan 17.
DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are abrasions caused in both strands of the DNA duplex following exposure to both exogenous and endogenous conditions. Such abrasions have deleterious effect in cells leading to genome rearrangements and cell death. A number of repair systems including homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) have been evolved to minimize the fatal effects of these lesions in cell. The role of protein coding genes in regulation of these pathways has been assessed previously. However, a number of recent studies have focused on evaluation of non-coding RNAs participation in DNA repair. We performed a computerized search of the Medline/ Pubmed databases with key words: DNA repair, homologous recombination, non-homologues end joining and long non-coding RNA (LncRNA). The existing data highlight the role of long non-coding RNAs in DSB repair as well as dysregulation in their expression which would lead to pathological conditions such as cancer. The specific mechanism of their contribution in DNA repair pathways has been elucidated for a few of them. LncRNAs participate in several steps of DNA repair pathways and regulate the expression of key components of these pathways including p53 tumor suppressor gene.
DNA双链断裂（DSBs）是在暴露于外源性和内源性条件后，DNA双链中产生的损伤。这种损伤对细胞具有有害影响，会导致基因组重排和细胞死亡。包括同源重组（HR）和非同源末端连接（NHEJ）在内的多种修复系统已经进化出来，以尽量减少这些损伤在细胞中的致命影响。蛋白质编码基因在这些途径调控中的作用此前已得到评估。然而，最近的一些研究集中在评估非编码RNA参与DNA修复的情况。我们使用关键词“DNA修复”“同源重组”“非同源末端连接”和“长链非编码RNA（LncRNA）”对Medline/Pubmed数据库进行了计算机检索。现有数据突出了长链非编码RNA在DSB修复中的作用以及其表达失调会导致癌症等病理状况。其中一些长链非编码RNA在DNA修复途径中的具体作用机制已经阐明。长链非编码RNA参与DNA修复途径的多个步骤，并调控这些途径关键成分的表达，包括p53肿瘤抑制基因。
