Bhatt Alok A, Brucker Justin L, Almast Jeevak
Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, PO Box 648, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
Department of Neuroradiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, E1/336 CSC, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
Emerg Radiol. 2018 Feb;25(1):87-92. doi: 10.1007/s10140-017-1550-2. Epub 2017 Sep 4.
In the emergency setting, a regional area of restricted diffusion involving the basal ganglia typically represents an acute infarct due to small vessel occlusion. However, it is important to consider additional differentials, specifically systemic causes. This article will review anatomy of the basal ganglia and pertinent associated vasculature, followed by other entities that can be a cause of restricted diffusion. These include hemolytic uremic syndrome, hypereosinophilic syndrome, fat embolism, meningitis, and hypoxic-ischemic injury. It is important to recognize presenting findings in these conditions, as the radiologist may be the first to give an accurate diagnosis or prompt additional testing.
在急诊情况下，基底节区出现的局限性扩散受限区域通常提示小血管闭塞导致的急性梗死。然而，考虑其他不同病因，特别是全身性病因很重要。本文将回顾基底节的解剖结构及相关血管系统，随后介绍其他可导致扩散受限的病因。这些病因包括溶血尿毒综合征、高嗜酸性粒细胞综合征、脂肪栓塞、脑膜炎和缺氧缺血性损伤。认识这些疾病的表现很重要，因为放射科医生可能是第一个做出准确诊断或促使进一步检查的人。
