Philpott Jordan D, Donnelly Chris, Walshe Ian H, MacKinley Elizabeth E, Dick James, Galloway Stuart D R, Tipton Kevin D, Witard Oliver C
1 University of Stirling.
2 Northumbria University.
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2018 Jan 1;28(1):26-36. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0161. Epub 2018 Jan 25.
Soccer players often experience eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage given the physical demands of soccer match-play. Since long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFA) enhance muscle sensitivity to protein supplementation, dietary supplementation with a combination of fish oil-derived n-3PUFA, protein, and carbohydrate may promote exercise recovery. This study examined the influence of adding n-3PUFA to a whey protein, leucine, and carbohydrate containing beverage over a six-week supplementation period on physiological markers of recovery measured over three days following eccentric exercise. Competitive soccer players were assigned to one of three conditions (2 × 200 mL): a fish oil supplement beverage (FO; n = 10) that contained n-3PUFA (1100 mg DHA/EPA-approximately 550 mg DHA, 550 mg EPA), whey protein (15 g), leucine (1.8 g), and carbohydrate (20 g); a protein supplement beverage (PRO; n = 10) that contained whey protein (15 g), leucine (1.8 g), and carbohydrate (20 g); and a carbohydrate supplement beverage (CHO; n = 10) that contained carbohydrate (24 g). Eccentric exercise consisted of unilateral knee extension/flexion contractions on both legs separately. Maximal force production was impaired by 22% during the 72-hour recovery period following eccentric exercise (p < 0.05). Muscle soreness, expressed as area under the curve (AUC) during 72-hour recovery, was less in FO (1948 ± 1091 mm × 72 h) than PRO (4640 ± 2654 mm × 72 h, p < 0.05) and CHO (4495 ± 1853 mm × 72 h, p = 0.10). Blood concentrations of creatine kinase, expressed as AUC, were 60% lower in FO compared to CHO (p < 0.05) and tended to be lower (39%, p = 0.07) than PRO. No differences in muscle function, soccer performance, or blood c-reactive protein concentrations were observed between groups. In conclusion, the addition of n-3PUFA to a beverage containing whey protein, leucine, and carbohydrate ameliorates the increase in muscle soreness and blood concentrations of creatine kinase following eccentric exercise in competitive soccer players.
鉴于足球比赛的体能需求，足球运动员经常会经历离心运动诱发的肌肉损伤。由于长链n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3PUFA）可增强肌肉对蛋白质补充的敏感性，因此，补充鱼油来源的n-3PUFA、蛋白质和碳水化合物的组合饮食可能会促进运动恢复。本研究考察了在为期六周的补充期内，在含乳清蛋白、亮氨酸和碳水化合物的饮料中添加n-3PUFA，对离心运动后三天内所测量的恢复生理指标的影响。将竞技足球运动员分为三种情况之一（2×200 mL）：一种鱼油补充饮料（FO；n = 10），其含有n-3PUFA（1100 mg DHA/EPA——约550 mg DHA、550 mg EPA）、乳清蛋白（15 g）、亮氨酸（1.8 g）和碳水化合物（20 g）；一种蛋白质补充饮料（PRO；n = 10），其含有乳清蛋白（15 g）、亮氨酸（1.8 g）和碳水化合物（20 g）；以及一种碳水化合物补充饮料（CHO；n = 10），其含有碳水化合物（24 g）。离心运动包括双腿分别进行单侧膝关节伸展/屈曲收缩。离心运动后72小时恢复期内，最大力量产生受损22%（p < 0.05）。以72小时恢复期内的曲线下面积（AUC）表示的肌肉酸痛，FO组（1948±1091 mm×72 h）低于PRO组（4640±2654 mm×72 h，p < 0.05）和CHO组（4495±1853 mm×72 h，p = 0.10）。以AUC表示的肌酸激酶血浓度，FO组比CHO组低约60%（p < 0.05），且比PRO组低（约39%，p = 0.07）。各组之间在肌肉功能、足球表现或血C反应蛋白浓度方面未观察到差异。总之，在含乳清蛋白、亮氨酸和碳水化合物的饮料中添加n-3PUFA，可改善竞技足球运动员离心运动后肌肉酸痛和肌酸激酶血浓度的升高。
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