Ahmadi Mina, Hoorang Niksa, Imanian Babak, Hemmatinafar Mohammad, Rezaei Rasoul, Nemati Javad, Eftekhari Fereshte, Alkasasbeh Walaa Jumah
Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz 84334-71946, Iran.
Department of Administration and Curriculum, Program of Sports Management and Training, Faculty of Arts and Educational Sciences, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan.
Nutrients. 2024 Dec 11;16(24):4263. doi: 10.3390/nu16244263.
Adequate nutrition is crucial for athletes to enhance performance and recovery. This study investigates the acute effects of omega-3 and whey protein supplementation before and after exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) on lower-body strength, explosive power, and delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in female futsal players. A randomized, cross-over, placebo-controlled, double-blind study involved 15 female futsal players (Age: 22.93 ± 0.54 years; Height: 159.60 ± 1.16 cm; Weight: 56.95 ± 1.79 kg). Participants completed three conditions: pre-EIMD (1000 mg fish oil, 30 g whey protein, 2 h before EIMD), post-EIMD (same supplementation, within 2 h after EIMD), and placebo (PLA, 2 g starch). EIMD involved 200 vertical jumps with 15% body-weighted vests. Metrics including Sargent jump height (VJH), thigh swelling (Sw-T), pressure pain threshold (PPT), V-sit and reach flexibility test (VSFT), range of motion (ROM), relative peak torque (RPT), average power (AP), and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) were recorded 48 h post-EIMD. DOMS was assessed via a visual analog scale (VAS) multiple times. A one-week washout period was employed. Pre-EIMD supplementation significantly increased VJH ( = 0.001) compared to PLA and Post-EIMD ( = 0.033). MVIC45° improved significantly in Pre-EIMD vs. PLA ( = 0.001). Improvements were observed in muscle strength metrics, with significant increases in APflx60°/s (pre-EIMD vs. PLA, = 0.001; pre-EIMD vs. post-EIMD, = 0.008), APext60°/s (Pre-EIMD vs. PLA, = 0.030), and APext180°/s (Post-EIMD vs. PLA, = 0.023). DOMS was lower in both Pre-EIMD and Post-EIMD conditions immediately and at 12 h post-EIMD ( = 0.009; = 0.030) than PLA. No significant differences were found in Sw-T, PPT, VSFT, ROM, or APflx180°/s. Acute omega-3 and whey protein supplementation, particularly before EIMD, improves strength and power and reduces DOMS in female futsal players. Supplement timing may be critical for optimizing recovery and performance in high-demand sports.
充足的营养对于运动员提高成绩和促进恢复至关重要。本研究调查了在运动诱发的肌肉损伤（EIMD）前后补充ω-3和乳清蛋白对女子五人制足球运动员下肢力量、爆发力和延迟性肌肉酸痛（DOMS）的急性影响。一项随机、交叉、安慰剂对照、双盲研究纳入了15名女子五人制足球运动员（年龄：22.93±0.54岁；身高：159.60±1.16厘米；体重：56.95±1.79千克）。参与者完成了三种情况：EIMD前（1000毫克鱼油、30克乳清蛋白，EIMD前2小时）、EIMD后（相同补充剂，EIMD后2小时内）和安慰剂（PLA，2克淀粉）。EIMD包括穿着15%体重背心进行200次垂直跳跃。在EIMD后48小时记录指标，包括萨金特纵跳高度（VJH）、大腿肿胀（Sw-T）、压痛阈值（PPT）、坐姿体前屈柔韧性测试（VSFT）、活动范围（ROM）、相对峰值扭矩（RPT）、平均功率（AP）和最大自主等长收缩（MVIC）。通过视觉模拟量表（VAS）多次评估DOMS。采用为期一周的洗脱期。与PLA和EIMD后相比，EIMD前补充剂显著提高了VJH（P = 0.001）（P = 0.033）。与PLA相比，EIMD前MVIC45°有显著改善（P = 0.001）。在肌肉力量指标方面观察到改善，APflx60°/s（EIMD前与PLA相比，P = 0.001；EIMD前与EIMD后相比，P = 0.008）、APext60°/s（EIMD前与PLA相比，P = 0.030）和APext180°/s（EIMD后与PLA相比，P = 0.023）显著增加。在EIMD后即刻和12小时，EIMD前和EIMD后条件下的DOMS均低于PLA（P = 0.009；P = 0.030）。在Sw-T、PPT、VSFT、ROM或APflx180°/s方面未发现显著差异。急性补充ω-3和乳清蛋白，尤其是在EIMD前，可提高女子五人制足球运动员的力量和功率，并减少DOMS。补充时间对于在高需求运动中优化恢复和表现可能至关重要。
