Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Department of Food Science and Technology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P. O. Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya.
Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.
Food Res Int. 2017 Oct;100(Pt 1):74-86. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.07.069. Epub 2017 Aug 2.
Infection of cereal grains by fungi is a serious problem worldwide. Depending on the environmental conditions, cereal grains may be colonised by different species of fungi. These fungi cause reduction in yield, quality and nutritional value of the grain; and of major concern is their production of mycotoxins which are harmful to both humans and animals. Early detection of fungal contamination is an essential control measure for ensuring storage longevity and food safety. Conventional methods for detection of fungal infection, such as culture and colony techniques or immunological methods are either slow, labour intensive or difficult to automate. In recent years, there has been an increasing need to develop simple, rapid, non-destructive methods for early detection of fungal infection and mycotoxins contamination in cereal grains. Methods such as near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, NIR hyperspectral imaging, and electronic nose were evaluated for these purposes. This paper reviews the different non-destructive techniques that have been considered thus far for detection of fungal infection and mycotoxins in cereal grains, including their principles, application and limitations.
真菌对谷物的感染是一个全球性的严重问题。根据环境条件的不同，谷物可能会被不同种类的真菌定殖。这些真菌会导致谷物产量、质量和营养价值下降；而人们主要关注的是它们产生的霉菌毒素，这些毒素对人类和动物都有害。早期发现真菌污染是确保储存期和食品安全的重要控制措施。传统的真菌感染检测方法，如培养和菌落技术或免疫学方法，要么速度慢，劳动强度大，要么难以自动化。近年来，人们越来越需要开发简单、快速、无损的方法，用于早期检测谷物中的真菌感染和霉菌毒素污染。近红外（NIR）光谱、NIR 高光谱成像和电子鼻等方法就是为此目的而评估的。本文综述了迄今为止为检测谷物中的真菌感染和霉菌毒素而考虑的不同无损检测技术，包括它们的原理、应用和局限性。
