Advanced Pediatric Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
Indian J Pediatr. 2017 Oct;84(10):792-798. doi: 10.1007/s12098-017-2448-4. Epub 2017 Sep 6.
Dysuria and/or hematuria are common and worrisome symptoms for most parents. Dysuria results from excessive bladder muscle contraction and peristaltic activity of the edematous and inflamed urethral mucosa. Though urinary tract infection remains the commonest cause for dysuria, non-infectious causes should also be kept in mind. Equating all cases of dysuria to urinary infection is not incorrect. Hematuria can be both macroscopic and microscopic and an important sign of genitourinary tract disease. However, systemic causes like bleeding disorder or malignancy can also present with hematuria. A thorough history and physical examination is important for arriving at a diagnosis. The investigations for both the symptoms and the urgency with which the tests are required are dictated by the patient's clinical presentation.
尿痛和/或血尿对大多数家长来说是常见且令人担忧的症状。尿痛是由过度的膀胱肌肉收缩和水肿、炎症的尿道黏膜蠕动引起的。虽然尿路感染仍然是尿痛最常见的原因，但也应考虑非传染性原因。将所有尿痛病例等同于尿路感染并不不正确。血尿可以是肉眼血尿或镜下血尿，是泌尿道疾病的重要征象。然而，全身性疾病如出血性疾病或恶性肿瘤也可出现血尿。详细的病史和体格检查对于明确诊断很重要。对于这些症状以及需要进行何种检查的紧迫性，取决于患者的临床表现。
