Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 205 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2017 Sep 19;51(18):10765-10776. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02147. Epub 2017 Sep 6.
The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) recognize that current sanitation gaps must be closed to better serve those without access to safely managed systems (Target 6.2: universal sanitation coverage) and those connected to sewers without wastewater treatment (Target 6.3: halving the proportion of untreated wastewater). Beyond mitigating environmental and health concerns, implementing resource recovery sanitation systems could simultaneously improve the availability of agricultural nutrients (SDG 2) and household energy (SDG 7). This study estimates the potential for global, regional, and country-level resource recovery to impact nutrient and household electricity use through 2030. We distinguish impacts from newly installed sanitation systems (to achieve universal coverage), newly treated wastewater systems (to halve the proportion of untreated wastewater), and existing system replacement, while also considering urban and rural disparities and spatial colocation of nutrients with agricultural needs. This work points toward country-specific strategies for deriving the greatest benefit from sanitation investments while also identifying overarching trends to guide international research efforts. Globally, potential nutrient gains are an order of magnitude larger than electricity (a small fraction of total energy), and considerable impacts are possible in the least-developed countries, six of which could double or offset all projected nutrient and electricity use through newly installed sanitation systems.
联合国可持续发展目标 (SDGs) 认识到，必须缩小当前卫生设施的差距，以便更好地为那些无法获得安全管理系统服务的人群（目标 6.2：普及卫生设施）和那些与未经处理污水连接的人群提供服务（目标 6.3：将未经处理污水的比例减半）。除了减轻环境和健康方面的担忧外，实施资源回收卫生系统还可以同时提高农业养分（可持续发展目标 2）和家庭能源（可持续发展目标 7）的供应。本研究估计了到 2030 年，全球、区域和国家层面的资源回收对养分和家庭用电的潜在影响。我们区分了新安装的卫生系统（以实现普及覆盖）、新处理的污水系统（将未经处理污水的比例减半）和现有系统更换的影响，同时考虑了城乡差异和养分与农业需求的空间共存。这项工作为各国制定从卫生投资中获得最大利益的具体战略指明了方向，同时也确定了总体趋势，以指导国际研究工作。在全球范围内，潜在的养分增益是电力的一个数量级（总能源的一小部分），最不发达国家可能产生相当大的影响，其中六个国家可以通过新安装的卫生系统使所有预期的养分和电力使用增加一倍或抵消。
