Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, PO Wits 2050, South Africa.
Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology , Section BOC, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands.
Chem Rev. 2018 Jan 24;118(2):801-838. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00203. Epub 2017 Sep 6.
Based on the principles and metrics of green chemistry and sustainable development, biocatalysis is both a green and sustainable technology. This is largely a result of the spectacular advances in molecular biology and biotechnology achieved in the past two decades. Protein engineering has enabled the optimization of existing enzymes and the invention of entirely new biocatalytic reactions that were previously unknown in Nature. It is now eminently feasible to develop enzymatic transformations to fit predefined parameters, resulting in processes that are truly sustainable by design. This approach has successfully been applied, for example, in the industrial synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients. In addition to the use of protein engineering, other aspects of biocatalysis engineering, such as substrate, medium, and reactor engineering, can be utilized to improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness and, hence, the sustainability of biocatalytic reactions. Furthermore, immobilization of an enzyme can improve its stability and enable its reuse multiple times, resulting in better performance and commercial viability. Consequently, biocatalysis is being widely applied in the production of pharmaceuticals and some commodity chemicals. Moreover, its broader application will be further stimulated in the future by the emerging biobased economy.
基于绿色化学和可持续发展的原则和指标，生物催化既是一种绿色技术，也是一种可持续技术。这在很大程度上是由于过去二十年中在分子生物学和生物技术方面取得的巨大进步。蛋白质工程使优化现有酶和发明全新的生物催化反应成为可能，而这些反应在自然界中以前是未知的。现在，通过设计来开发适合预定义参数的酶转化已经成为可能，从而使这些过程真正具有可持续性。这种方法已经成功地应用于例如活性药物成分的工业合成中。除了使用蛋白质工程外，生物催化工程的其他方面，如底物、介质和反应器工程，也可以用来提高生物催化反应的效率和成本效益，从而提高其可持续性。此外，酶的固定化可以提高其稳定性并使其能够多次重复使用，从而提高性能和商业可行性。因此，生物催化在药物和一些大宗商品化学品的生产中得到了广泛应用。此外，未来生物基经济的兴起将进一步刺激其更广泛的应用。
