A rare case of empyema: Still a challenging entity to manage.

is a rare pathogen and an infrequent cause of human actinomycosis. Less than ten cases were reported in the English-literature to date concerning empyema. We herein report a case to promote the awareness and adequate management of the disease. A 44-year-old immunocompetent male with known pulmonary disease was diagnosed with an empyema. He underwent chest tube drainage and a short-term treatment with clindamycin for 4 months. This is the first report of a patient with structural pulmonary disease with an empyema treated with 4-month of clindamycin and chest tube drainage. In comparison to previous reports, our case was diagnosed early, empyema was effectively drained with one chest tube and symptoms and radiological findings were rapidly improved. Short-term antibiotic treatment can be well succeeded if an early diagnosis is made, there is no evidence of dissemination and adequate management is promptly instituted.