Increasing the involvement of diverse populations in genomics-based health care-lessons from haemoglobinopathies.

Integrating genomic medicine into health care delivery poses significant challenges to health professionals. To draw clinical benefit from genomic information, there is a need to build an evidence-based relationship between genotype and the physical expression of that genomic information. The work presented here uses preliminary work in the field of haemoglobinopathies to address two important challenges: to ensure that health care professionals in low- and middle-income countries are actively involved in the processes that will support genomic medicine, and that equity and diversity concerns are met so that clinical services can have relevance across all population and sub-population groups. Haemoglobinopathies provide an opportunity for gaining a better understanding of how long-standing genetic knowledge can be leveraged to determine if genomic-based services can be beneficial in low-resource settings. The Global Globin 2020 Challenge (GG2020) is an international initiative that uses haemoglobinopathies as an entry point to achieving growth in the quality and quantity of curated inputs into internationally recognised databases, harmonising the sharing of variant information within and between countries for better health care delivery and ensuring that storing, curation and sharing of variant information become an integral part of health care. Early findings from GG2020 indicate that paying attention to population diversity is an integral part of prevention and control of haemoglobinopathies.