Poddar Abhijit, Das Subrata K
Biosafety Support Unit, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NPC Building, 5-6 Institutional Area, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, 110003, India.
Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India.
Arch Microbiol. 2018 Jan;200(1):1-18. doi: 10.1007/s00203-017-1429-3. Epub 2017 Sep 8.
The earliest microbiological studies on hot springs in India date from 2003, a much later date compared to global attention in this striking field of study. As of today, 28 out of 400 geothermal springs have been explored following both culturable and non-culturable approaches. The temperatures and pH of the springs are 37-99 °C and 6.8-10, respectively. Several studies have been performed on the description of novel genera and species, characterization of different bio-resources, metagenomics of hot spring microbiome and whole genome analysis of few isolates. 17 strains representing novel species and many thermostable enzymes, including lipase, protease, chitinase, amylase, etc. with potential biotechnological applications have been reported by several authors. Influence of physico-chemical conditions, especially that of temperature, on shaping the hot spring microbiome has been established by metagenomic investigations. Bacteria are the predominant life forms in all the springs with an abundance of phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Thermi, Bacteroidetes, Deinococcus-Thermus and Chloroflexi. In this review, we have discussed the findings on all microbiological studies that have been carried out to date, on the 28 hot springs. Further, the possibilities of extrapolating these studies for practical applications and environmental impact assessment towards protection of natural ecosystem of hot springs have also been discussed.
印度对温泉的最早微生物学研究始于2003年，与这个引人注目的研究领域在全球受到的关注相比，这一日期要晚得多。截至目前，已采用可培养和不可培养方法对400个地热泉中的28个进行了探索。这些温泉的温度和pH值分别为37-99°C和6.8-10。已经开展了多项研究，内容包括新属和新物种的描述、不同生物资源的表征、温泉微生物群落的宏基因组学以及少数分离株的全基因组分析。多位作者报告了代表新物种的17株菌株以及许多具有潜在生物技术应用价值的热稳定酶，包括脂肪酶、蛋白酶、几丁质酶、淀粉酶等。宏基因组学研究已证实物理化学条件，尤其是温度，对塑造温泉微生物群落的影响。细菌是所有温泉中占主导地位的生命形式，厚壁菌门、变形菌门、放线菌门、栖热菌门、拟杆菌门、嗜热栖热菌属和绿弯菌门数量众多。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了迄今为止对这28个温泉开展的所有微生物学研究的结果。此外，还讨论了将这些研究外推至实际应用以及对温泉自然生态系统保护进行环境影响评估的可能性。
