Jankovic Joseph
Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States. Electronic address: http://www.jankovic.org.
Toxicon. 2018 Jun 1;147:84-88. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.09.003. Epub 2017 Sep 6.
The therapeutic applications of botulinum toxin (BoNT) have grown manifold since its initial approval in 1989 by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of strabismus, blepharospasm, and other facial spasms. Although it is the most potent biologic toxin known to man, long-term studies have established its safety in the treatment of a variety of neurologic and non-neurologic disorders. This review focuses on some novel and uncommon uses of BoNT in the treatment of movement disorders, such as oromandibular dystonia, including bruxism, anterocollis, camptocormia, tremor, tics, tardive and levodopa-induced dyskinesia, and restless legs syndrome. Despite a paucity of randomized controlled trials and lack of FDA approval for these movement disorders, there is growing body of evidence that BoNT provides benefit to patients with these hyperkinetic movement disorders and that BoNT is a safe treatment when used by clinicians skilled in the administration of the drug for these conditions.
自1989年肉毒杆菌毒素（BoNT）首次获得美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准用于治疗斜视、眼睑痉挛和其他面部痉挛以来，其治疗应用已大量增加。尽管它是人类已知的最有效的生物毒素，但长期研究已证实其在治疗各种神经和非神经疾病方面的安全性。本综述重点关注BoNT在治疗运动障碍方面的一些新颖且不常见的用途，如口下颌肌张力障碍，包括磨牙症、颈前屈、脊柱前凸、震颤、抽动、迟发性和左旋多巴诱导的运动障碍，以及不宁腿综合征。尽管针对这些运动障碍的随机对照试验较少且未获得FDA批准，但越来越多的证据表明，BoNT对患有这些运动过多性运动障碍的患者有益，并且当由熟练掌握该药物给药的临床医生使用时，BoNT是一种安全的治疗方法。
