Lotia Mitesh, Jankovic Joseph
Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
Semin Neurol. 2016 Feb;36(1):54-63. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1571217. Epub 2016 Feb 11.
The therapeutic applications of botulinum toxin (BoNT) have grown manifold since its initial approval in 1989 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of strabismus, blepharospasm, and other facial spasms. Although it is the most potent biologic toxin known to man, long-term studies have established its safety in the treatment of a variety of neurologic and nonneurologic disorders. Despite a paucity of randomized controlled trials, BoNT has been found to be beneficial in treating a variety of tremors and tics when used by clinicians skilled in the administration of the drug for these hyperkinetic movement disorders. Botulinum toxin injections can provide meaningful improvement in patients with localized tremors and tics; in some cases, they may be an alternative to other treatments with more undesirable adverse effects.
自1989年肉毒杆菌毒素（BoNT）首次获得美国食品药品监督管理局批准用于治疗斜视、眼睑痉挛和其他面部痉挛以来，其治疗应用已多种多样。尽管它是人类已知的最强大的生物毒素，但长期研究已证实其在治疗各种神经和非神经疾病方面的安全性。尽管缺乏随机对照试验，但临床医生在为这些运动亢进性疾病施用该药物时发现，BoNT在治疗各种震颤和抽搐方面是有益的。肉毒杆菌毒素注射可为局部震颤和抽搐患者带来显著改善；在某些情况下，它们可能是其他具有更多不良副作用的治疗方法的替代选择。
