Fanelli Francesca, Cozzi Giuseppe, Raiola Assunta, Dini Irene, Mulè Giuseppina, Logrieco Antonio F, Ritieni Alberto
Inst. of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, via Amendola 122/0, 70126 Bari, Italy.
Dept. of Agricultural Sciences, Univ. of Naples "Federico II," Via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy.
J Food Sci. 2017 Oct;82(10):2306-2312. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.13854. Epub 2017 Sep 11.
The healthy consumers make a strong pressure to natural products that can prevent the chronic diseases and improve the general health status, and therefore an important aspect that have to be considered is the safe level of the nutraceuticals. This study reports the occurrence of Ochratoxin A (OTA) and associated fungal contamination in 35 samples of dried vine fruits imported in the European community potentially used for the development of new nutraceutical supplements. High pressure liquid chromatography analysis identified 18 samples as contaminated by OTA with an average level of 2.6 μg/kg. OTA was measured in 4 samples of currants (mean value of 6.6 μg/kg) and 13 samples of raisins (mean value of 1.4 μg/kg). In one sample of currants and one of raisins from Turkey OTA exceeded the limits set by European Commission of 10 μg/kg, being contaminated with 12.61 and 15.99 μg/kg, respectively. All the positive samples were confirmed by Orbitrap Q Exactive through their molecular weight and the corresponding fragmentation. The worldwide consumption of dried vine fruits contributed to OTA exposure in several group of consumers. In particular, considering the potential nutraceutical approach, this consumption may be represent a severe risk for healthy consumers that consider these products like healthy and salutistic for their contents in antioxidants, flavonoids, and polyphenols. Data reported in this study confirmed the need to regularly monitor mycotoxin levels in these food products and optimize the process of fruits drying in order to reduce the development of toxigenic molds.
健康的消费者对可预防慢性病并改善总体健康状况的天然产品形成了强大的需求压力，因此，必须考虑的一个重要方面是营养保健品的安全水平。本研究报告了在欧盟进口的35个干葡萄样本中赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）的存在情况及相关真菌污染情况，这些干葡萄样本可能用于开发新的营养补充剂。高压液相色谱分析确定有18个样本被OTA污染，平均含量为2.6μg/kg。在4个黑加仑样本（平均值为6.6μg/kg）和13个葡萄干样本（平均值为1.4μg/kg）中检测到了OTA。来自土耳其的1个黑加仑样本和1个葡萄干样本中的OTA超过了欧盟委员会设定的10μg/kg的限值，分别被污染至12.61μg/kg和15.99μg/kg。所有阳性样本均通过Orbitrap Q Exactive质谱仪根据其分子量和相应的碎片进行了确认。全球范围内干葡萄的消费导致了几组消费者接触OTA。特别是，考虑到潜在的营养保健用途，这种消费对于那些认为这些产品因其富含抗氧化剂、类黄酮和多酚而健康有益的健康消费者而言，可能构成严重风险。本研究报告的数据证实了有必要定期监测这些食品中的霉菌毒素水平，并优化水果干燥工艺，以减少产毒霉菌的生长。
