†National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy.
‡Department of Chemistry, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
J Agric Food Chem. 2015 Apr 8;63(13):3609-14. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00326. Epub 2015 Mar 26.
Grape pomaces are increasingly being used as starting material in the industrial production of plant food supplements (PFS), food coloring, and tartrates, but they are at risk of ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination, a mycotoxin with nephrotoxic and carcinogenic effects. We analyzed 24 commercial PFS and 13 food coloring samples derived from Vitis vinifera, mainly pomaces, using a HPLC-FLD method for OTA determination. OTA was found in 75% of PFS samples and 69% of food coloring samples at levels of <1.16-20.23 μg/kg and <1.16-32.00 μg/kg, respectively. The four commercial leavening agents containing tartrates were found to be negative for OTA. All eight samples collected in two distilleries that use grape pomaces and wine lees to produce tartrates and other byproducts contained OTA at levels of <1.16-240.93 μg/kg. The high incidence of OTA contamination in PFS and food coloring agents derived from V. vinifera suggests that maximum permitted level(s) should be established for this mycotoxin in these products.
葡萄渣越来越多地被用作植物食品补充剂（PFS）、食用色素和酒石酸盐工业生产的起始原料，但它们存在赭曲霉毒素 A（OTA）污染的风险，OTA 是一种具有肾毒性和致癌作用的霉菌毒素。我们使用 HPLC-FLD 方法对 24 种商业 PFS 和 13 种源自 Vitis vinifera 的食用色素样品进行了分析，主要是葡萄渣。在 PFS 样品中，75%和食用色素样品中 69%的 OTA 含量<1.16-20.23μg/kg 和<1.16-32.00μg/kg。发现含有酒石酸盐的四种商业发酵剂不含 OTA。在使用葡萄渣和酒渣生产酒石酸盐和其他副产品的两个酿酒厂收集的所有 8 个样本中，OTA 的含量<1.16-240.93μg/kg。源自 V. vinifera 的 PFS 和食用色素制剂中 OTA 污染的高发生率表明，应在这些产品中为这种霉菌毒素设定最大允许水平。
