Dini Irene, De Biasi Margherita-Gabriella, Mancusi Andrea
Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
Department of Food Microbiology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute 2, 80055 Portici, Italy.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2022 Oct 26;11(11):1483. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11111483.
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are constituents of the innate immune system in every kind of living organism. They can act by disrupting the microbial membrane or without affecting membrane stability. Interest in these small peptides stems from the fear of antibiotics and the emergence of microorganisms resistant to antibiotics. Through membrane or metabolic disruption, they defend an organism against invading bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi. High efficacy and specificity, low drug interaction and toxicity, thermostability, solubility in water, and biological diversity suggest their applications in food, medicine, agriculture, animal husbandry, and aquaculture. Nanocarriers can be used to protect, deliver, and improve their bioavailability effectiveness. High cost of production could limit their use. This review summarizes the natural sources, structures, modes of action, and applications of microbial peptides in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Any restrictions on AMPs' large-scale production are also taken into consideration.
抗菌肽（AMPs）是各类生物体先天免疫系统的组成部分。它们可通过破坏微生物膜起作用，也可在不影响膜稳定性的情况下发挥作用。对这些小肽的兴趣源于对抗生素的担忧以及对抗生素耐药微生物的出现。通过膜破坏或代谢干扰，它们保护生物体抵御入侵的细菌、病毒、原生动物和真菌。高效、特异性、低药物相互作用和毒性、热稳定性、水溶性以及生物多样性表明它们在食品、医药、农业、畜牧业和水产养殖中的应用前景。纳米载体可用于保护、递送并提高其生物利用效率。生产成本高昂可能会限制它们的使用。本综述总结了微生物肽在食品和制药行业中的天然来源、结构、作用方式及应用。同时也考虑了抗菌肽大规模生产的任何限制因素。
