Medina Jimenez Ana Carolina, Nordi Guilherme Henrique, Palacios Bereche Milagros Cecilia, Bereche Reynaldo Palacios, Gallego Antonio Garrido, Nebra Silvia Azucena
Centre of Engineering, Modelling and Applied Social Sciences (CECS), Federal University of ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
Waste Manag Res. 2017 Nov;35(11):1137-1148. doi: 10.1177/0734242X17728123. Epub 2017 Sep 11.
Brazil has a large population with a high waste generation. The municipal solid waste (MSW) generated is deposited mainly in landfills. However, a considerable fraction of the waste is still improperly disposed of in dumpsters. In order to overcome this inadequate deposition, it is necessary to seek alternative routes. Between these alternatives, it is possible to quote gasification and incineration. The objective of this study is to compare, from an energetic and economic point of view, these technologies, aiming at their possible implementation in Brazilian cities. A total of two configurations were evaluated: (i) waste incineration with energy recovery and electricity production in a steam cycle; and (ii) waste gasification, where the syngas produced is used as fuel in a boiler of a steam cycle for electricity production. Simulations were performed assuming the same amount of available waste for both configurations, with a composition corresponding to the MSW from Santo André, Brazil. The thermal efficiencies of the gasification and incineration configurations were 19.3% and 25.1%, respectively. The difference in the efficiencies was caused by the irreversibilities associated with the gasification process, and the additional electricity consumption in the waste treatment step. The economic analysis presented a cost of electrical energy produced of 0.113 (US$ kWh) and 0.139 (US$ kWh) for the incineration and gasification plants respectively.
巴西人口众多，垃圾产生量很大。所产生的城市固体废物（MSW）主要被倾倒在垃圾填埋场。然而，仍有相当一部分垃圾被不当丢弃在垃圾桶中。为了克服这种处置不当的问题，有必要寻找替代途径。在这些替代方案中，可以提及气化和焚烧。本研究的目的是从能源和经济角度比较这些技术，旨在使其有可能在巴西城市得到应用。总共评估了两种配置：（i）垃圾焚烧，通过蒸汽循环进行能量回收和发电；（ii）垃圾气化，所产生的合成气在蒸汽循环锅炉中用作燃料来发电。假设两种配置的可用垃圾量相同，且成分对应于巴西圣安德烈市的城市固体废物，进行了模拟。气化和焚烧配置的热效率分别为19.3%和25.1%。效率差异是由与气化过程相关的不可逆性以及垃圾处理步骤中的额外电力消耗造成的。经济分析表明，焚烧厂和气化厂生产电能的成本分别为0.113（美元/千瓦时）和0.139（美元/千瓦时）。
