Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, UK.
Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2017 Sep 11;7(1):11079. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-10382-2.
Omega-3 fatty acids may influence human physiological parameters in part by affecting the gut microbiome. The aim of this study was to investigate the links between omega-3 fatty acids, gut microbiome diversity and composition and faecal metabolomic profiles in middle aged and elderly women. We analysed data from 876 twins with 16S microbiome data and DHA, total omega-3, and other circulating fatty acids. Estimated food intake of omega-3 fatty acids were obtained from food frequency questionnaires. Both total omega-3and DHA serum levels were significantly correlated with microbiome alpha diversity (Shannon index) after adjusting for confounders (DHA Beta(SE) = 0.13(0.04), P = 0.0006 total omega-3: 0.13(0.04), P = 0.001). These associations remained significant after adjusting for dietary fibre intake. We found even stronger associations between DHA and 38 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), the strongest ones being with OTUs from the Lachnospiraceae family (Beta(SE) = 0.13(0.03), P = 8 × 10). Some of the associations with gut bacterial OTUs appear to be mediated by the abundance of the faecal metabolite N-carbamylglutamate. Our data indicate a link between omega-3 circulating levels/intake and microbiome composition independent of dietary fibre intake, particularly with bacteria of the Lachnospiraceae family. These data suggest the potential use of omega-3 supplementation to improve the microbiome composition.
ω-3 脂肪酸可能通过影响肠道微生物组来影响人体生理参数。本研究旨在调查中年和老年女性中 ω-3 脂肪酸、肠道微生物组多样性和组成与粪便代谢组学特征之间的联系。我们分析了 876 对双胞胎的 16S 微生物组数据以及 DHA、总 ω-3 和其他循环脂肪酸的数据。ω-3 脂肪酸的估计食物摄入量来自食物频率问卷。在调整混杂因素后，总 ω-3 和 DHA 血清水平与微生物组 α 多样性（香农指数）呈显著相关（DHA Beta(SE) = 0.13(0.04)，P = 0.0006；总 ω-3：0.13(0.04)，P = 0.001）。在调整膳食纤维摄入量后，这些关联仍然显著。我们发现 DHA 与 38 个操作分类单位（OTU）之间存在更强的关联，最强的关联是与lachnospiraceae 家族的 OTU 之间的关联（Beta(SE) = 0.13(0.03)，P = 8 × 10）。与肠道细菌 OTU 的一些关联似乎是由粪便代谢物 N-氨甲酰谷氨酸的丰度介导的。我们的数据表明，ω-3 循环水平/摄入量与微生物组组成之间存在独立于膳食纤维摄入量的联系，特别是与lachnospiraceae 家族的细菌有关。这些数据表明，ω-3 补充剂可能有潜力改善微生物组组成。
