Naini Farhad B, Akram Sarah, Kepinska Julia, Garagiola Umberto, McDonald Fraser, Wertheim David
Kingston and St George's Hospitals and Medical School, London, UK.
King's College London Dental Institute, London, UK.
Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg. 2017 Aug 25;39(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s40902-017-0123-3. eCollection 2017 Dec.
The aim of this study is to validate a new three-dimensional craniofacial stereophotogrammetry imaging system (3dMDface) through comparison with manual facial surface anthropometry. The null hypothesis was that there is no difference between craniofacial measurements using anthropometry vs. the 3dMDface system.
Facial images using the new 3dMDface system were taken from six randomly selected subjects, sitting in natural head position, on six separate occasions each 1 week apart, repeated twice at each sitting. Exclusion criteria were excess facial hair, facial piercings and undergoing current dentofacial treatment. 3dMDvultus software allowed facial landmarks to be marked and measurements recorded. The same measurements were taken using manual anthropometry, using soluble eyeliner to pinpoint landmarks, and sliding and spreading callipers and measuring tape to measure distances. The setting for the investigation was a dental teaching hospital and regional (secondary and tertiary care) cleft centre. The main outcome measure was comparison of the craniofacial measurements using the two aforementioned techniques.
The results showed good agreement between craniofacial measurements using the 3dMDface system compared with manual anthropometry. For all measurements, except chin height and labial fissure width, there was a greater variability with the manual method compared to 3D assessment. Overall, there was a significantly greater variability in manual compared with 3D assessments ( < 0.02).
The 3dMDface system is validated for craniofacial measurements.
本研究旨在通过与手动面部表面人体测量法进行比较，验证一种新的三维颅面立体摄影测量成像系统（3dMDface）。无效假设是使用人体测量法与3dMDface系统进行颅面测量之间没有差异。
使用新的3dMDface系统对六名随机选择的受试者进行面部图像采集，受试者保持自然头部姿势，分六次不同时间进行，每次间隔1周，每次采集重复两次。排除标准为面部毛发过多、面部穿孔以及正在接受牙颌面治疗。3dMDvultus软件可标记面部标志点并记录测量数据。使用手动人体测量法进行相同测量，用可溶性眼线笔确定标志点，并用滑动卡尺、扩展卡尺和卷尺测量距离。研究地点为一家牙科教学医院和地区（二级和三级护理）腭裂中心。主要观察指标是比较上述两种技术进行的颅面测量结果。
结果表明，与手动人体测量法相比，使用3dMDface系统进行颅面测量的结果具有良好的一致性。对于所有测量指标，除了下巴高度和唇裂宽度外，与三维评估相比，手动测量方法的变异性更大。总体而言，手动测量的变异性明显大于三维评估（<0.02）。
3dMDface系统在颅面测量方面得到了验证。
