Department of Dental Hygiene, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, Korea.
Department of Oral Medicine, Institute of Translational Dental Sciences, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.
Int Endod J. 2018 Apr;51(4):479-488. doi: 10.1111/iej.12860. Epub 2017 Oct 16.
To evaluate the structural-morphological changes in enamel surface roughness and Streptococcus mutans adhesion after tooth bleaching using plasma in combination with a low concentration of 15% carbamide peroxide (CP).
Sixty pairs of premolars were randomly assigned to the treatment groups (n = 30; buccal surface, groups 1A/2A) or controls (n = 30; palatal surface, Groups 1B/2B). Group 1A received a low concentration of 15% CP and low-temperature plasma. Premolars in group 1B were placed in phosphate-buffered saline and served as controls. The buccal surface of Groups 2A was subjected to 15% CP alone, whilst the palatal surface was subsequently immersed in PBS (group 2B). After bleaching, all teeth were soaked for 1 h in artificial saliva at 37 °C. Subsequently, teeth were placed in brain-heart infusion with S. mutans at 37 °C for 24 h. The assessment of the structural-morphological changes was carried out using a biofilm assay, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Statistical analysis of the data was performed with the SPSS (SPSS Inc., Version 18.0, Chicago, IL, USA). The Student's t-test was used to determine whether there was a significant difference in the structural-morphological effects with and without plasma.
Significantly less S. mutans adhesion was observed in group 1A compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, the surface roughness was significantly greater in group 2A compared with the other groups (P < 0.05).
The application of plasma did not result in any structural-morphological and topographic changes in the enamel. The combined bleaching method using plasma and a low concentration of 15% CP was less destructive, particularly with respect to tooth surface changes.
评估等离子体联合低浓度 15%过氧化脲（CP）对牙釉质表面粗糙度和变形链球菌黏附的结构形态变化。
将 60 对前磨牙随机分为治疗组（n=30；颊面，组 1A/2A）或对照组（n=30；腭面，组 1B/2B）。组 1A 接受低浓度 15%CP 和低温等离子体处理。组 1B 的前磨牙置于磷酸盐缓冲液中作为对照。组 2A 的颊面单独接受 15%CP 处理，而腭面随后浸入 PBS 中（组 2B）。漂白后，所有牙齿均在 37°C 的人工唾液中浸泡 1 小时。随后，将牙齿置于含变形链球菌的脑心浸液中，在 37°C 下孵育 24 小时。使用生物膜测定法、扫描电子显微镜和原子力显微镜评估结构形态变化。使用 SPSS（SPSS Inc.，Version 18.0，Chicago，IL，USA）对数据进行统计分析。使用 Student's t 检验确定是否存在等离子体有无对结构形态效应的显著差异。
与其他组相比，组 1A 中变形链球菌黏附明显减少（P<0.05）。此外，与其他组相比，组 2A 的表面粗糙度显著增加（P<0.05）。
等离子体的应用不会导致牙釉质发生任何结构形态和形貌变化。等离子体联合低浓度 15%CP 的联合漂白方法破坏性较小，特别是对牙面变化。
