Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK; School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK.
Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK; School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK; Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Biology Department, Antwerp University, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
Curr Biol. 2017 Sep 11;27(17):R919-R930. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.043.
Plants are sessile organisms rooted in one place. The soil resources that plants require are often distributed in a highly heterogeneous pattern. To aid foraging, plants have evolved roots whose growth and development are highly responsive to soil signals. As a result, 3D root architecture is shaped by myriad environmental signals to ensure resource capture is optimised and unfavourable environments are avoided. The first signals sensed by newly germinating seeds - gravity and light - direct root growth into the soil to aid seedling establishment. Heterogeneous soil resources, such as water, nitrogen and phosphate, also act as signals that shape 3D root growth to optimise uptake. Root architecture is also modified through biotic interactions that include soil fungi and neighbouring plants. This developmental plasticity results in a 'custom-made' 3D root system that is best adapted to forage for resources in each soil environment that a plant colonises.
植物是扎根于一处的固着生物。植物所需的土壤资源通常呈高度异质分布模式。为了便于觅食，植物进化出了对土壤信号高度敏感的根系，其生长和发育受土壤信号的影响很大。因此，无数环境信号塑造了三维根系结构，以确保资源的获取得到优化，并避免不利环境。新萌发种子首先感知到的信号——重力和光——引导根系向土壤中生长，以帮助幼苗建立。不均匀的土壤资源，如水分、氮和磷，也作为信号，塑造三维根系生长，以优化吸收。根系结构也通过包括土壤真菌和邻近植物在内的生物相互作用进行修改。这种发育可塑性导致了一种“定制”的三维根系系统，最适合在植物定植的每个土壤环境中寻找资源。
